In responding to WG15RIN request, below is the troff version of Draft Japanese National Profile contributed by SSI/POSIX WG of IPSJ/ITSCJ in Japan. This is written in troff with mm macro and tbl. Shigekatsu Nakao voice: +81-44-754-3342 Fujitsu Limited fax: +81-44-754-3522 Japan email: nakao@sysrap.cs.fujitsu.co.jp #! /bin/sh # This is a shell archive file contains: # jnp_v11.mm # On: 06/14/91 16:18, By: nakao # --------------------------------------- echo x - jnp_v11.mm 1>&2 sed "s/.//" <<"//GO.SYSIN DD jnp_v11.mm" >jnp_v11.mm X.ND "June 1991" X.PH "" X.OF "" X.EF "" X.PF "" X.DS C X.B X.S 18 20 X.SP 5 XDraft X.br XJapanese National Profile for POSIX X.SP XVersion 1.1 X.br X.SP 10 X.S 10 12 XDeveloped by X.SP X.S 14 16 XIPSJ/ITSCJ SSI/POSIX WG X.SP XJune 1991 X.SP X.R X.S 10 12 XThis is a working draft and is subject to change. X.br XDo not use this document for any other purposes X.br Xthan pure study and/or review. X.DE X.PH "'Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX''Version 1.1''" X.SK X'" Reset page number X.nr P 1 X.OF "'\\\\*(aT''\\\\nP'" X.EF "'\\\\nP''\\\\*(aS'" X.S 10 12 X.nr Cp 1 X.nr Cl 5 X.nr Ej 1 X.nr Hb 7 X.nr Hu 1 X.nr Hc 1 X.ds HF 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 X.ds HP +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 X.de HX X.if \\$1=1 .sp 5 X.. X'" To include the first level section header in the even page footer X.ds aS X'" To include up to the second level section header in the odd page footer X.ds aT X.de HZ X.if \\$1=1 .sp 2 X.if \\$1=1 .ds aS \\$3 X.if \\$1=1 .ds aT \\$3 X.if \\$1=2 .ds aT \\*(}0\\$3 X.. X'" Number the lines for review purpose X.nm 1 X.HU Foreword X.I X.S -2 X(This Foreword is not a normative part of this document, but is Xincluded for information only.) X.S +2 X.R X.P XDraft Japanese National Profile for POSIX (this document), Xis an attempt to define Japanese environments where ISO 9945 XPOSIX Standard is employed. X.P XThis document was developed by SSI/POSIX Working Group of XInformation Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ), XInformation Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). X.P XThe base of this document was the one titled Japanese National XProfiles for POSIX, Preliminary Draft, ITSCJ SSI/POSIX, September X1990, and was registered as JTC1/SC22/WG15 N122 in November 1990. X.P XIt must be noted that Xthere are still quite a few number of issues to be solved to Xdefine Japanese National Profile for POSIX. XOne of them is the definition of POSIX National Profile itself and Xinterrelationship among various POSIX National Profiles. XIt must be mentioned here that Xto cover such issues, SSI/POSIX Working Group is working on another Xdocument titled Guidelines for POSIX National Profiles. XOther unresolved issues will be discussed in the appropriate sections Xin this document. X.P XAt this point of time, this document has nothing to do with Xformal national body conformance. It is however the intention Xof SSI/POSIX Working Group that when Japanese national body Xstarts discussion in the future on such standard of POSIX profile Xfor Japanese environments, this document should be used as the Xdraft at its beginning. X.P XSuggenstions and comments for improvement of this document are Xwelcome. They should be sent to: X.DS X Prof. Nobuo Saito X Chair of SSI/POSIX Working Group X Informaton Techonology Standards Commission of Japan X Kikai-Shinko Kaikan Bldg. X 3-5-8 Shiba-Koen, Minato-ku, X Tokyo 105, JAPAN X X Tel: +81-3-3431-2808 X Fax: +81-3-3431-6493 X X email: posix@u-tokyo.ac.jp X.DE X.SK XThe following persons participated in the development of this document Xin SSI/POSIX Working Group: X.DS X Yuichi Chujo, NTT X Kazuyoshi Fukumura, NEC X Nobuyuki Hikichi, SRA X Shiro Hikita, Sony X Yukiharu Imafuku, NTT Data X Akihisa Iwakawa, IBM Japan X Akio Kido, IBM Japan X Takao Komatsu, Mitsubishi X Akihiko Kudoh, NTT X Yutaka Matsumoto, Nihon Sun X Yasushi Nakahara, Toshiba X Shigekatsu Nakao, Fujitsu X Toshinori Numata, Fujitsu X Shinji Ohta, Fuji Xerox X Toshiharu Ono, Nihon UNISYS X Erik van der Poel, SRA X Nobuo Saito, Keio University X Masahiko Sekiguchi, Fujitsu X Hiroyuki Shiota, Fuji Xerox X Shin-ichi Yamada, NTT Data X Mamoru Yanagihara, DEC Japan X.DE X.HU Introduction X.I X.S -2 X(This Introduction is not a normative part of this document, but is Xincluded for information only.) X.S +2 X.R X.P XThe purpose of this document is to define a minimal and appropriate Xset of POSIX.1, POSIX.2 and C Standards for Japanese environments Xwhere ISO 9945 POSIX Standard is employed. X.P XFollowing the definition of profile in TR10000-1, this document Xdefines only parameters and options. X.P XSection 1 is for general matters such as scope, references, objectives Xand conformance. The section also includes some description on Xspecial remarks in Japanese National Profile, mainly about Japanese Xcharacters. X.P XSection 2 defines system parameters of POSIX.1, POSIX.2 and C language. X.P XSection 3 defines various Japanese locale. X.P XAnnex A, an informative section, is for rationale and notes where Xavailable. X.P X.mc 1 XThe changes from Version 1.0 to 1.1 are marked with "1" which are all Xeditorial. X.mc X'" Reset first level header number X.nr H1 0 X'" Modify first level heading mark X.de HX X.if \\$1=1 .sp 5 X.if \\$1=1 .ds }0 Section\ \\n(H1\:\ \ X.. X.H 1 "General" X.H 2 "Scope" XJapanese National Profile for POSIX is defined for Japanese environments Xwhere ISO 9945 POSIX Standard is employed. XAccording to Guidelines for POSIX National Profiles, Xit gives the specifications of the parameters and the selections of optional Xitems of POSIX Standard which are strongly related to the functionalities Xto support processing and the operation of the culture and language Xdependent matters of Japan and Japanese. X.H 2 "References" XThe following standards contain provisions which constitute provisions of Xthis document. X.BL X.LI XISO 9945-1:1990, System Application Program Interface (C language) (POSIX.1) X.LI XIEEE P1003.2/D11, Shell and Utilities (POSIX.2) X.LI XISO 646 X.LI XISO 2022 X.LI XISO 8859 X.LI XISO DIS 10646 X.LI XISO/IEC Directive Part 3 X.LI XISO 9899, Programming Languages - C X.LI XISO 9899 PDAM Part 3, Multibyte Support Extensions X.LI XTSG-1 Final Report (Draft) X.LI XIEEE P1003.0/D10 X.LI XJapanese version of ISO 646 X.LI XJIS X\|0201 X.LI XJIS X\|0208 X.LI XJIS X\|0212 X.LI XTR10000-1 X.LI XGuidelines for POSIX National Profiles X.LE X.H 2 "Objectives" XThe objectives of this document are: X.BL X.LI XDefine a minimal and appropriate set of specifications Xto satisfy the needs for Japanese environment, Xas well as to promote: X.DL X.LI XPOSIX conforming system implementation; X.LI XPortable application development; X.LI XConformance test of them. X.LE X.LI XFurther define the following specifications in POSIX.1 and POSIX.2: X.DL X.LI XParameters X.LI XOptions X.LE X.LE X.H 2 "Japanese POSIX Conformance" X.H 3 "System Requirements" XA Japanese POSIX conforming system implementation is required to have Xfollowing facilities and characteristics: X.BL X.LI XThe system shall support all required parameters and options defined Xin this document. X.LI XThe system may support additional parameters and options not required Xby this document. Such parameters and options should be identified as Xsuch in the system documentation. X.LE X.H 3 "Application Conformance" XIn Japan, there are several encoding schemes for XJapanese characters (e.g. JIS X\|0202, EUC, XShifted JIS, etc.). Therefore, this profile Xdoes not care about encoding scheme. It means Xthat a Japanese POSIX conforming application shall Xbe character encoding independent. X.H 3 "C language" XA Japanese POSIX conforming system shall Xsupport ISO 9899 (full functions). XAnd also, 'Multibyte Support Extension' specified Xin ISO 9899 PDAM Part 3 shall be supported, Xwhen it has been adopted as an addendum of the XInternational Standard. X.H 3 "Relationship with POSIX Conformance" XSince Japanese National Profile for POSIX is not necessarily included in the XPOSIX Profile, those systems which pass the Japanese National Profile Xfor POSIX may not pass the POSIX Conformance. X.H 2 "Special Remarks in Defining Japanese National Profile for POSIX" X.H 3 "Character Naming" XIn the character map table for Japanese environments, it is necessary Xto assign a name for each of the Kanji characters, the number of which is Xfar more than several thousands. Because the number is so large, Xit is very difficult to assign a unique and meaningful name for each Kanji. X.P XIt might be possible to refer ISO DIS 10646 because ISO DIS 10646 contains Xall the characters in JIS X\|0208, including Kanji, with their character Xnames. XIn ISO DIS 10646, each of the Kanji character names consists of associating Xcode of its position in JIS X\|0208. XAlthough the naming method is fine in terms of the uniqueness, Xthe given name does not imply any glyph nor meaning of the corresponding XKanji character itself, i.e., the readers cannot guess the character at all Xwithout looking at the JIS X\|0208 code table. X.P XAlthough ISO DIS 10646 might be a good reference for Kanji character set, Xthere is still another issue with it which is associated with the character Xwidth. Many existing systems is Japan distinguish what are called single Xwidth alphabet and Katakana characters from double width ones. the former Xis almost always referred to with JIS X\|0201, and the latter with JIS X\|0208. XISO DIS 10646, on the other hand, does not distinguish them each other. X.H 3 "Glyph Usage in Character Map Table Definition" XIn the character map table of National Profile for POSIX, all the characters Xused are defined with a portable character set of POSIX. Based on this Xrule, it is not allowed to use a Kanji character glyph in this Xcharacter map table. However, it is desirable if the format of the Xcharacter map table allows comment columns to have Kanji character Xand other glyphs which will be of a great help for the readers to recognize Xthe Kanji characters. X.H 3 "Character Coding" XIn Japan, A Kanji character set is defined as JIS X\|0208, Xand October, 1990, a supplementary Kanji character set was defined as JIS X\|0212. XThey are defined as Information Interchange Code Sets, and they are Xencoded by using two octet 7-bit code. XUsing ISO 2022 procedure, these are used for transmission, and for Xprocessing in some cases. X.P XIn order to make the code processing more effective, several encoding Xschemes like Shift-JIS or UJIS (JIS based on EUC) are defined in XJapan. Since there are many commercial products which are based on Xthese modified encoding scheme, it is necessary to include some description Xabout these non-standard encoding scheme in the Japanese National XProfile for POSIX. X.H 1 "Parameters and Options" X.H 2 "Charmap (POSIX.2)" X.H 3 "Character Codes and Glyphs in the National Standard" XJapanese national body conforming POSIX systems are required to have Xfollowing facilities and characteristics: X.VL 2i X.LI "Character repertoire:" XIn addition to Japanese version of ISO 646, XJapan has three coded character set standards, namely JIS X\|0201, JIS XX\|0208 and JIS X\|0212. In addition, many vendors support user defined Xand/or vendor defined characters called "Gaiji" that are not part of Xthe national standard character sets. X.P XHowever, Japanese national body conformance requires the support of Xthe full repertoire of Japanese version of ISO 646 and XJIS X\|0208 only. At least one charmap that Xincludes all of the Japanese version of ISO 646 and XJIS X\|0208 characters shall be provided. X.P XSupport for JIS X\|0201 and JIS X\|0212 is recommended, though not Xrequired. X.P X.LI "Encoding scheme:" XIn Japan, there are several encoding schemes for XJapanese characters (e.g. JIS X\|0202, EUC, XShifted JIS, etc.). Therefore, this profile Xdoes not care about encoding scheme. It means Xthat Japanese POSIX conforming application shall Xbe character encoding independent. X.LE X.H 3 "Implementation Issues" XA large number of characters and existence of character codes that use Xstate-depend encodings, among other reasons, make it hard to write a charmap Xfor the Japanese language. To complicate the matter, most implementations Xtreat the overlapping characters in JIS X\|0201 and JIS X\|0208 as having Xdifferent encodings. X.P XThe problems we have encountered so far are: X.BL X.LI XSome codesets employ stateful encoding scheme, where the Xinterpretation of an binary encoded sequence may change according Xto the designation/invocation at that time. X.LI XThere are several encoding. Some systems and hardware use Xproprietary ones. X.LI XThe agreement has never been reached on how to handle the overlapping Xcharacters in JIS X\|0201 and JIS X\|0208 in charmap. X.LI XIt is impractical to list all the characters in the national standard, Xsince there are about 10,000 printable characters. X.LE X.H 2 "CHAR_BIT and Character Handling in C Language (ISO 9899)" XJapanese national body conforming POSIX systems are required that Xthe CHAR_BIT value shall be 8. X.P XThis means that the JIS X\|0208 character set is defined as a Xnon-single-byte extended character set in terms of ISO 9899, Xand the MB_CUR_MAX value is equal to or greater than 2. X.H 2 "Delete Character (POSIX.1)" XIt is important to notice that delete character operation should work Xnormally even for multi-octet characters. That is, if there is a Kanji Xcharacter, delete character input shall delete one Kanji character, Xas defined in POSIX.1. X.H 2 "File Name Length and its Handling (POSIX.1)" XJapanese national body conforming POSIX systems are required that Xthe POSIX_NO_TRUNC variable shall be set to true so that when Xthe file name length exceeds the NAME_MAX in the midst of a multi-octet Xcharacter, the ENAMETOOLONG error is reported without truncating a given Xfile name string. X.P XIt is difficult and inefficient for the kernel to check the character Xboundary in stead of reporting the ENAMETOOLONG error because there might Xbe escape characters intermingled in the string. X.P XThe NAME_MAX value, the maximum file name length, should be defined by Xconsidering the encoding scheme for multi-octet character sets. X.H 2 "Character Encoding for Path Name Delimiters (POSIX.1)" XIt is necessary for the kernel to detect the character and X in a path name, Xand these characters may be encoded as both ISO 646 characters (1 octet) Xand JIS Kanji characters (multi-octet). In order to avoid the confusion, Xit is recommended to use only 1 octet encoding for these two characters. X.H 2 "Archive Format Extensions (POSIX.1)" X.I X(To be provided.) X.R X.H 1 "Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2)" XThe character set defined and used in this section consists of: X.BL X.LI XJapanese version of ISO 646; X.LI XAll of the characters in JIS X\|0208. X.LE X.P XImplementations shall suppport all of the above mentioned characters, Xand may contain more characters to support Japanese environments. XThe right-hand part of JIS X\|0201, Katakana syllabary, is highly Xrecommended to be supported by implementations although the support Xis not mandatory for the conformance. In this section, a recommended Xexample for the support of the right-hand part of JIS X\|0201 is Xgiven as comment lines where available. X.P XNote that the character set includes undefined code points of JIS X\|0208. X.P XKanji are given names based on their ward-point number (in decimal) Xpreceded by the letter j. For LC_COLLATE definition, another naming method Xis used for readabilily. Neither of these naming methods themselves is Xa part of requirement for the conformance. X.H 2 "LC_CTYPE" XJapanese national body conforming POSIX systems are required to have Xfollowing facilities and characteristics: Xthe LC_CTYPE category of the Japanese locale shall Xinclude the full JIS X\|0208 repertoire. X.P XThe characters in JIS X\|0208 shall be given classes as shown in the Xtable below. Undefined character code points are not given any classes Xbecause they are not printable nor control characters: X.P X.I X(This table is not completed yet.) X.R X.SP X.TB "Character classes of JIS X\|0208 characters" X.TS Xl || cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i) cw(0.5i). XIn JIS X\|0208 print graph alnum alpha digit xdigit ... X_ XRoman x x x x XHiragana x x XKatakana x x XKanji x x XRussian x x x x XGreek x x x x XNumber x x x XSpace x X.TE X.SP X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_CTYPE X X# X# Upper class: X# alphabets in portable character set, X# Roman letters in JIS X0208, X# Greek letters in JIS X0208 and X# Russian letters in JIS X0208. X Xupper ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...; X X# X# Alpha class (default): X# Upper class X# Lower class X X# X# Digit class - same as defined in POSIX.2 X# X Xdigit ;;;;;\e X ;;;; X X# X# Xdigit class - same as defined in POSIX.2 X# X Xxdigit ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;;\e X ;;;;; X X# X# Blank class - same as defined in POSIX.2 X# X Xblank ; X X# X# Space class: X# Space characters defined in POSIX.2 X# Space in JIS X0208 X# X Xspace ;;;;\e X ;;\e X X X# X# Cntrl class - same as defined in POSIX.2 X# X Xcntrl ;;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;;;;;\e X ; X X# X# Punct class - symbols in portable character set only X# X Xpunct ;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;; X X# X# Graph X# X# upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit X# JIS X0201 printable characters X# JIS X0208 printable characters X Xgraph ;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X# X# The following six comment lines are recommendations for the support of X# the right-hand part of JIS X0208, Katakana syllabary: X# X# ;;;\e X# ;;\e X# ;...;;\e X# ;\e X# ;...;;\e X# ;;\e X# X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X X X# X# Print: X# X# space X# upper, lower, alpha, digit, xdigit X# JIS X0201 printable characters X# JIS X0208 printable characters X Xprint ;\e X ;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X ;;\e X ;\e X ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;;;\e X# X# The following six comment lines are recommendations for the support of X# the right-hand part of JIS X0208, Katakana syllabary: X# X# ;;;\e X# ;;\e X# ;...;;\e X# ;\e X# ;...;;\e X# ;;\e X# X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X ;\e X X X# X# Toupper and tolower - also handle Roman, Greek and Russian X# characters in JIS X0208 X# X Xtoupper (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (

,

);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,) X Xtolower (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (

,

);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);(,);(,);\e X (,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,);\e X (,);(,);(,) X XEND LC_CTYPE X.ft R X.fi X.H 2 "LC_COLLATE" XThe definition in this section deals with Hiragana and Katakana, Xin a restricted way. X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_COLLATE X X# This collation tabel is an attempt to satisfy Japanese X# requirements based on and within the scope of the current POSIX.2 X# Draft (D11), and is not regarded as a common practice in Japan. X# X# This collation table is for sorting Japanese by pronunciation. Only X# Hiragana and Katakana (collectively called Kana) are sorted. X# Kanji are sorted according to their encoding. It is expected that X# applications will make use of this by storing Yomi (or pronuciation) X# with each Kanji word or name, and that the Yomi will be used for X# sorting. For example, a telephone number database application might X# store the names of people in Kanji together with the Yomi. X# X# Portable characters are sorted according to their encoding, and upper X# case and lower case are sorted together. X# X# Collation rules were derived from a dictionary. The rules are given X# below, together with examples. In the examples, upper case is used to X# denote Katakana, and lower case to denote Hiragana. X# X# Rule Example X# X# Katakana before Hiragana GARON vs garon X# Small before Normal kyaku vs kiyaku X# Normal before Voiced before Semi-voiced han vs ban, BANKU vs PANKU X# ka before GA before ga kan vs GAN vs gan X# X# For ease of understanding, the symbolic character names used in this X# definition are the ones provided by Keld Simonsen in his 10646 charmap. X# X# The following iteration marks and voiced sound marks are not X# supported. X# X# <*5> HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK X# <+5> HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK X# <*6> KATAKANA ITERATION MARK X# <+6> KATAKANA VOICED ITERATION MARK X# <"5> HIRAGANA-KATAKANA VOICED SOUND MARK X# <05> HIRAGANA-KATAKANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK X X X#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X X X# The following definitions are for prolonged sounds (for Katakana X# only). X X Xcollating-element <*-a6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-a6A6> from Xcollating-element <*-A6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-A6A6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ka-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-KaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ga-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-GaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Sa-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-SaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Za-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ZaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ta-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-TaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Da-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-DaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Na-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-NaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ha-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-HaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ba-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-BaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Pa-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-PaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ma-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-MaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-YA-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YAA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ya-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ra-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-RaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-WA-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-WAA6> from Xcollating-element <*-Wa-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-WaA6> from Xcollating-element <*-i6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-i6I6> from Xcollating-element <*-I6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-I6I6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ki-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-KiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Gi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-GiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Si-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-SiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Zi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ZiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ti-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-TiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Di-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-DiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ni-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-NiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Hi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-HiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Pi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-PiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Bi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-BiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Mi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-MiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ri-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-RiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-Wi-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-WiI6> from Xcollating-element <*-u6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-u6U6> from Xcollating-element <*-U6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-U6U6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ku-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-KuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Gu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-GuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Su-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-SuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Zu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ZuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Tu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-TuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Du-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-DuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Nu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-NuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Hu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-HuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Bu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-BuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Pu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-PuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Mu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-MuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-YU-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YUU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Yu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ru-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-RuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-Vu-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-VuU6> from Xcollating-element <*-e6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-e6E6> from Xcollating-element <*-E6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-E6E6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ke-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-KeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ge-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-GeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Se-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-SeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ze-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ZeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Te-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-TeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-De-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-DeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ne-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-NeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-He-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-HeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Be-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-BeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Pe-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-PeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Me-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-MeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-Re-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ReE6> from Xcollating-element <*-We-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-WeE6> from Xcollating-element <*-o6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-o6O6> from Xcollating-element <*-O6-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-O6O6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ko-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-KoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Go-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-GoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-So-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-SoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Zo-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ZoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-To-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-ToO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Do-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-DoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-No-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-NoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ho-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-HoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Bo-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-BoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Po-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-PoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Mo-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-MoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-YO-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YOO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Yo-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-YoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Ro-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-RoO6> from Xcollating-element <*-Wo-6> from <-6> Xcollating-element <*-WoO6> from X X X# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- X X Xorder_start forward;forward X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X

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X

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X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X X X X X X X X X X X X ; X<*-a6-6> ;<-6> X<*-a6A6> ; X ; X ; X<*-A6-6> ;<-6> X<*-A6A6> ; X ; X ; X<*-i6-6> ;<-6> X<*-i6I6> ; X ; X ; X<*-I6-6> ;<-6> X<*-I6I6> ; X ; X ; X<*-u6-6> ;<-6> X<*-u6U6> ; X ; X ; X<*-U6-6> ;<-6> X<*-U6U6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Vu-6> ;<-6> X<*-VuU6> ; X ; X<*-e6-6> ;<-6> X<*-e6E6> ; X ; X ; X<*-E6-6> ;<-6> X<*-E6E6> ; X ; X ; X<*-o6-6> ;<-6> X<*-o6O6> ; X ; X ; X<*-O6-6> ;<-6> X<*-O6O6> ; X ; X ; X ; X<*-Ka-6> ;<-6> X<*-KaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ga-6> ;<-6> X<*-GaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ki-6> ;<-6> X<*-KiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Gi-6> ;<-6> X<*-GiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ku-6> ;<-6> X<*-KuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Gu-6> ;<-6> X<*-GuU6> ; X ; X ; X ; X<*-Ke-6> ;<-6> X<*-KeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ge-6> ;<-6> X<*-GeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ko-6> ;<-6> X<*-KoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Go-6> ;<-6> X<*-GoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Sa-6> ;<-6> X<*-SaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Za-6> ;<-6> X<*-ZaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Si-6> ;<-6> X<*-SiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Zi-6> ;<-6> X<*-ZiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Su-6> ;<-6> X<*-SuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Zu-6> ;<-6> X<*-ZuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Se-6> ;<-6> X<*-SeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ze-6> ;<-6> X<*-ZeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-So-6> ;<-6> X<*-SoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Zo-6> ;<-6> X<*-ZoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ta-6> ;<-6> X<*-TaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Da-6> ;<-6> X<*-DaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ti-6> ;<-6> X<*-TiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Di-6> ;<-6> X<*-DiI6> ; X ; X ; X ; X ; X<*-Tu-6> ;<-6> X<*-TuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Du-6> ;<-6> X<*-DuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Te-6> ;<-6> X<*-TeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-De-6> ;<-6> X<*-DeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-To-6> ;<-6> X<*-ToO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Do-6> ;<-6> X<*-DoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Na-6> ;<-6> X<*-NaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ni-6> ;<-6> X<*-NiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Nu-6> ;<-6> X<*-NuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ne-6> ;<-6> X<*-NeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-No-6> ;<-6> X<*-NoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ha-6> ;<-6> X<*-HaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ba-6> ;<-6> X<*-BaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Pa-6> ;<-6> X<*-PaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Hi-6> ;<-6> X<*-HiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Bi-6> ;<-6> X<*-BiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Pi-6> ;<-6> X<*-PiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Hu-6> ;<-6> X<*-HuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Bu-6> ;<-6> X<*-BuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Pu-6> ;<-6> X<*-PuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-He-6> ;<-6> X<*-HeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Be-6> ;<-6> X<*-BeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Pe-6> ;<-6> X<*-PeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ho-6> ;<-6> X<*-HoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Bo-6> ;<-6> X<*-BoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Po-6> ;<-6> X<*-PoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ma-6> ;<-6> X<*-MaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Mi-6> ;<-6> X<*-MiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Mu-6> ;<-6> X<*-MuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Me-6> ;<-6> X<*-MeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Mo-6> ;<-6> X<*-MoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-YA-6> ;<-6> X<*-YAA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ya-6> ;<-6> X<*-YaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-YU-6> ;<-6> X<*-YUU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Yu-6> ;<-6> X<*-YuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-YO-6> ;<-6> X<*-YOO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Yo-6> ;<-6> X<*-YoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ra-6> ;<-6> X<*-RaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ri-6> ;<-6> X<*-RiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ru-6> ;<-6> X<*-RuU6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Re-6> ;<-6> X<*-ReE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Ro-6> ;<-6> X<*-RoO6> ; X ; X ; X<*-WA-6> ;<-6> X<*-WAA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Wa-6> ;<-6> X<*-WaA6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Wi-6> ;<-6> X<*-WiI6> ; X ; X ; X<*-We-6> ;<-6> X<*-WeE6> ; X ; X ; X<*-Wo-6> ;<-6> X<*-WoO6> ; X ; X ; X ; XUNDEFINED Xorder_end X X XEND LC_COLLATE X.ft R X.fi X.H 2 "LC_MESSAGES" X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_MESSAGES X X# Any string starting with any form of Latin Y is X# recognized as affirmative answer. X# Any string starting with any form of Latin N is X# recognized as negative answer. X# Installations may add other definitions such as for X# Hiragana and Katakana strings. X X# yesexpr "^[]" X Xyesexpr "\e X " X X# noexpr "^[]" X Xnoexpr "\e X " X XEND LC_MESSAGES X.ft R X.H 2 "LC_MONETARY" X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_MONETARY X X# X# The character used as currency_symbol may X# either be double-assigned to (whose code X# in ISO 646 is for YEN sign in JIS X0201) or . X# X Xint_curr_symbol "

" Xcurrency_symbol "" Xmon_decimal_point "" Xmon_thousand_sep "" Xmon_grouping "3;0" Xpositive_sign "" Xnegative_sign "" Xint_frac_digits "0" Xfrac_digits "0" Xp_cs_precedes "1" Xp_sep_by_space "0" Xn_cs_precedes "1" Xn_sep_by_space "0" Xp_sign_posn "1" Xn_sign_posn "4" X XEND LC_MONETARY X.ft R X.fi X.H 2 "LC_NUMERIC" X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_NUMERIC X X# X# Japanese numeric representation currently widely used X# is the one imported from the U.S. in late 19th century. X# X Xdecimal_point "" Xthousands_sep "" Xgrouping "3;0" X XEND LC_NUMERIC X.ft R X.fi X.H 2 "LC_TIME" X.nf X.ft CW X XLC_TIME X X# X# The definition uses Kanji where it is appropriate. X# We have same definition for abmon and mon, because Japanese X# full representation for a month is enough short. Ancient X# month names (MUTUKI, KISARAGI, YAYOI, etc.) are not supported. X# X X# X# NICHI, GETSU, KA, SUI, MOKU, KIN and DO in Kanji X# for Sunday through Saturday respectively. X# X Xabday "";"";"";"";\e X.mc 1 X "";"";"" X.mc X X# X# NICHI-YOBI, GETSU-YOBI, KA-YOBI, SUI-YOBI, X# MOKU-YOBI, KIN-YOBI and DO-YOBI in Kanji X# for Sunday through Saturday respectively. X# X Xday "";"";\e X "";"";\e X "";"";\e X.mc 1 X "" X.mc X X# Abmon and mon: X# X# Abmon and mon are identical. X# The numeric character part in abmon and mon may X# either the digits in portable characters X# or the numbers in JIS X0208. The conforming X# installations shall choose one of these two X# different definitions: X# X# (1) 1-gatsu, 2-gatsu, and so on with portable X# characters for January through December. X# X# abmon "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";\e X# "" X# X# mon "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";\e X# "" X# X# (2) 1-gatsu, 2-gatsu, and so on with numbers in JIS X0208 X# for January through December. X# X# abmon "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";\e X# "" X# X# mon "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";"";\e X# "";"";\e X# "" X# X X# Era year X# HEISEI, SHOWA, TAISHO and MEIJI eras are supported which X# are in anti-chronological order. X# Years before MEIJI are printed as SEIREKI (A.D.) or KIGENZEN (B.C.). X# X# era "+:2:1990/01/01:+*::%N%o";\e X# "+:1:1989/01/08:1989/12/31::%N";\e X# "+:2:1927/01/01:1989/01/07::%N%o";\e X# "+:1:1926/12/25:1926/12/31::%N";\e X# "+:2:1913/01/01:1926/12/24::%N%o";\e X# "+:1:1912/07/30:1912/12/31::%N";\e X# "+:2:1869/01/01:1912/07/29::%N%o";\e X# "+:1:1868/09/08:1868/12/31::%N";\e X# "+:1:1/1/1:1868/09/07::%N%o";\e X# "-:1:-1/12/31:-*::%N%o" X Xera "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X5\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X4\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X";\e X "\e X\e X\e X\e X\e X" X X# Expected output date format: X# X# HEISEI 2 NEN 8 GATSU 20 NICHI ( GETSU ) 9 JI 30 FUN 0 BYOU X# in Kanji X# X# d_t_fmt "%E%m%d%a%H%M%S" X# X Xd_t_fmt "\e X\e X" X X# X# %y/%m/%d (91/02/28) X# X# d_fmt "%y%m%d" X# X Xd_fmt "" X X# X# %H:%M:%S (9:45:00) X# X# t_fmt "%H%M%S" X# X Xt_fmt "" X X# X# GOZEN and GOGO in Kanji for a.m and p.m. respectively X# X X.mc 1 Xam_pm "";"" X.mc X XEND LC_TIME X.ft R X.fi X.H 2 "LANG" XIt is recommended that LANG should be defined using a scheme which is Xproposed by X/Open for X/Open Portability Guide Edition 4(XPG4). X'" Reset first level header number X.nr H1 0 X'" Modify first level heading mark to uppercase alphabet X.HM A X.de HX X.if \\$1=1 .sp 5 X.if \\$1=1 .ds }0 Annex\ \\n(H1\:\ \ X.. X.H 1 "(informative) Rationale and Notes" X.H 2 "General" X.H 2 "Parameters and Options" X.H 3 "Charmap (POSIX.2)" X.H 4 "Character Codes and Glyphs in the National Standard" XIn addition to Japanese verison of ISO 646, XJapanese Industrial Standards Commission has defined Xthree character sets: JIS X\|0201, JIS X\|0208 and JIS X\|0212. XSome implementations map these three character sets into Xa multi-octet code space with the most significant bit in each octet ignored, Xwhile other implementations utilize all the bits in each octet. XBoth stateful and stateless encoding schemes are widely used. X.P XWe have several popular mapping Ximplementations usually referred to as JIS7, JIS8, UJIS (JIS based on EUC) Xand Shifted JIS (or MS Kanji code). There are EBCDIC-based Ximplementations, collectively known as EBCDIC Kanji, which are vendor specific. XThere are also other vendor specific mapping implementations. X.P XJapanese version of ISO 646 consists of the same character set Xas ISO 646IRV except: X.BL X.LI Xsubstitutes \o'Y=' (yen currency symbol) for \e (backslash); X.LI Xsubstitutes \(rn (overbar sign) for ~ (tilde). X.LE X.P XJIS X\|0201 consists of: X.BL X.LI Xthe left-hand part which contains the same character set as Japanese Xversion of ISO 646; X.LI Xthe right-hand part which contains Katakana syllabary. X.LE X.P XJIS X\|0208 consists of: X.BL X.LI XAlphanumeric characters and other symbols (overlaps with XJapanese version of ISO 646); X.LI XHiragana syllabary; X.LI XKatakana syllabary(overlaps with JIS X\|0201); X.LI XRussian and Greek characters; X.LI XSpecial symbols; X.LI XKanji. X.LE X.P XJIS X\|0212 consists of other Kanji characters. XThe number of characters defined in JIS X\|0208 and JIS X\|0212 in total is Xmore than 10,000. X.H 4 "Implementation Issues" X.H 3 "CHAR_BIT and Character Handling in C Language (ISO 9899)" XISO 9899 requests that the value of CHAR_BIT is equal to or greater than 8. XWe came to the conclusion that the CHAR_BIT value in Japanese National XProfile shall be 8 because of the two major reasons: almost all existing XUNIX systems in Japan as well as in the western world are practically Xbased on the CHAR_BIT value of 8; if we define any other value than X8 as the CHAR_BIT value in Japanese National Profile, the interoperability Xbetween existing systems and the conforming systems will become a big issue. X.P XIn the discussion about CHAR_BIT, there were many opinions presented. one Xof them is shown below: X.P XIt was suggested to define the CHAR_BIT to be large enough to handle multi- Xoctet character set such as Kanji character. There are still several questions Xaround this problem. In the definition of system function interface, the concept Xof character is still vague, especially for multi-octet characters. In ISO 9899 XC language standard, the concept of wchar_t is suggested, and it is quite Xdifferent from the ordinal character type which is suitable for handling Xa single octet character set such as ASCII and most European characters. XTherefore, even if the CHAR_BIT is supposed to be defined as 16, the entire Xproblem is not solved. X.P XFor example, it is still vague how to switch a single octet character set Xenvironment to multi-octet character set environment through the use of Xsetlocale function. In an ideal internationalized system, the multilingual Xsystem is desirable. That is, there are several national characters existing Xsimultaneously in one system environment. In that case, the concept of Xcharacter should be general enough to handle both single octet and Xmulti-octet characters. The current solution in C language standard to handle Xmulti-octet characters by using wchar_t does not fit to this goal. In that Xstatus, for the national profile for each country or cultural environment, Xthe definition should be carefully carried out so that several national Xprofiles can be handled simultaneously in the one system environment. X.P XIt is still vague whether a national profile defines the subset of the system Xenvironment from the generally defined environment (internationalized Xenvironment). For this purpose, it still needs to handle several character Xsets in the consistent manner. In the current C language standard, Xthe character type and wchar_t type is not necessarily consistent. XTherefore, we need to investigate an ideal method to handle several character Xsets consistently. X.H 3 "Delete Character (POSIX.1)" XThe operation of delete character in POSIX.1 is defined not for Xbyte (octet), but for character in POSIX term. Because it tends to Xbe misunderstood when multi-octet characters are used, Xthe description in this section was added. X.H 3 "File Name Length and its Handling (POSIX.1)" X.H 3 "Character Encoding for Path Name Delimiters (POSIX.1)" X.H 3 "Archive Format Extensions (POSIX.1)" XSSI/POSIX Working Group strongly feels the needs of multi-octet character Xusage in the archive format. But this means that there should be an Xagreement on the encoding scheme for multi-octet characters. XThe group will continue to study on this issue. X.H 2 "Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2)" XAlthough the members in SSI/POSIX Working Group fells that the entire XJIS X\|0201 characters should be supported, there are a few vendors Xwhose existing systems do not support the right-hand part of JIS XX\|0201 (Katakana). The group therefore decided to remove such characters Xfrom mandatory character sets. X.H 3 "LC_CTYPE" X.H 3 "LC_COLLATE" X(Japanese characters) - XThe Japanese characters defined in JIS x\|0201, X\|0208 and X\|0212 Xconsist of the following: X.BL 1i X.LI XHiragana syllabary X.LI XKatakana syllabary X.LI XKanji X.LE X.P XRomanization (Romaji) is also used. X.P X(Japanese culture about the character order) - XIn many cases in Japan, the character order is mainly based on Xthe pronunciation of characters. XIn other cases, the order is based on the radicals and Xstroke numbers of Kanji, or combination of all or some of these. X.P X(Hiragana and Katakana) - XIn these characters, the letter and its pronunciation are usually Xmatched one by one with some exceptions listed below as issues. XSo it is relatively possible to define the collating sequence of XHiragana and Katakana independently. But in the case of mixture of XHiragana and Katakana, the collation is an issue. X.P XThe issues are the order of: X.BL 1i X.LI XHiragana and Katakana; X.LI XNormal and small characters for both Hiragana and Katakana (ex. kiya and kya); X.LI XNormal, Voiced and Semi-voiced characters for both Hiragana and XKatakana (ex. ha, ba and pa in Romanization); X.LI XIteration mark for both Hiragana and Katakana; X.LI XProlonged mark for Katakana. X.LE X(Kanji) - XKanji has several attributes - pronunciation, Xstroke number, radical, etc., and these attributes Xcould be the key to order them. X.P XA Kanji character may have multiple way of pronunciation. XFor example, the character (in JIS X\|0208) is Xpronounced in nine different ways depending on its usage in various Xwords which contains the character. In Romanization, these are Xshown as: X.DS X bi X hi X ni X pi X ka X jitsu X nichi X nitsu X tachi X.DE X.P XThe pronunciation of Kanji therefore can be determined Xonly when the word in which the Kanji is used is known. XSo it is not adequate for Kanji to be collated according to only one Xof the multiple pronunciations. X.P X(Romaji - Romanization of Hiragana and Katakana characters) - XIn Romaji, one character is represented with one, two or three XRoman alphabet. Each set of Roman alphabet therefore should be Xkept in the collation process, which is an issue. X.P X(An example of sorting rules use in Japan) - XA common telephone directory uses multiple sorting rules combined - Xpronunciation, stroke counts of XKanji character, first sound of initial character, sound counts of Xcharacter (one sounded character prior to two sounded character), etc.. X.H 3 "LC_MESSAGES" X.H 3 "LC_MONETARY" X.H 3 "LC_NUMERIC" X.H 3 "LC_TIME" X.H 3 "LANG" X'" Stop numbering the lines X.nm X'" Table of Contents X.TC 1 1 7 //GO.SYSIN DD jnp_v11.mm Below is the second part of nroff version of Draft Japanese National Profile. Shigekatsu Nakao voice: +81-44-754-3342 Fujitsu Limited fax: +81-44-754-3522 Japan email: nakao@sysrap.cs.fujitsu.co.jp #! /bin/sh # This is a shell archive file contains: # part2 # On: 06/14/91 16:45, By: nakao # --------------------------------------- echo x - part2 1>&2 sed "s/.//" <<"//GO.SYSIN DD part2" >part2 X 1052 3.2 LLLLCCCC____CCCCOOOOLLLLLLLLAAAATTTTEEEE X X 1053 The definition in this section deals with Hiragana and X 1054 Katakana, in a restricted way. X X 1055 LC_COLLATE X X 1056 # This collation tabel is an attempt to satisfy Japanese X 1057 # requirements based on and within the scope of the current POSIX.2 X 1058 # Draft (D11), and is not regarded as a common practice in Japan. X 1059 # X 1060 # This collation table is for sorting Japanese by pronunciation. Only X 1061 # Hiragana and Katakana (collectively called Kana) are sorted. X 1062 # Kanji are sorted according to their encoding. It is expected that X 1063 # applications will make use of this by storing Yomi (or pronuciation) X 1064 # with each Kanji word or name, and that the Yomi will be used for X 1065 # sorting. For example, a telephone number database application might X 1066 # store the names of people in Kanji together with the Yomi. X 1067 # X 1068 # Portable characters are sorted according to their encoding, and upper X 1069 # case and lower case are sorted together. X 1070 # X 1071 # Collation rules were derived from a dictionary. The rules are given X 1072 # below, together with examples. In the examples, upper case is used to X 1073 # denote Katakana, and lower case to denote Hiragana. X 1074 # X 1075 # Rule Example X 1076 # X 1077 # Katakana before Hiragana GARON vs garon X 1078 # Small before Normal kyaku vs kiyaku X 1079 # Normal before Voiced before Semi-voiced han vs ban, BANKU vs PANKU X 1080 # ka before GA before ga kan vs GAN vs gan X 1081 # X 1082 # For ease of understanding, the symbolic character names used in this X 1083 # definition are the ones provided by Keld Simonsen in his 10646 charmap. X 1084 # X 1085 # The following iteration marks and voiced sound marks are not X 1086 # supported. X 1087 # X 1088 # <*5> HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK X 1089 # <+5> HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK X 1090 # <*6> KATAKANA ITERATION MARK X 1091 # <+6> KATAKANA VOICED ITERATION MARK X 1092 # <"5> HIRAGANA-KATAKANA VOICED SOUND MARK X 1093 # <05> HIRAGANA-KATAKANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK X X X 1094 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 27 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1095 # The following definitions are for prolonged sounds (for Katakana X 1096 # only). X X X 1097 collating-element <*-a6-6> from <-6> X 1098 collating-element <*-a6A6> from X 1099 collating-element <*-A6-6> from <-6> X 1100 collating-element <*-A6A6> from X 1101 collating-element <*-Ka-6> from <-6> X 1102 collating-element <*-KaA6> from X 1103 collating-element <*-Ga-6> from <-6> X 1104 collating-element <*-GaA6> from X 1105 collating-element <*-Sa-6> from <-6> X 1106 collating-element <*-SaA6> from X 1107 collating-element <*-Za-6> from <-6> X 1108 collating-element <*-ZaA6> from X 1109 collating-element <*-Ta-6> from <-6> X 1110 collating-element <*-TaA6> from X 1111 collating-element <*-Da-6> from <-6> X 1112 collating-element <*-DaA6> from X 1113 collating-element <*-Na-6> from <-6> X 1114 collating-element <*-NaA6> from X 1115 collating-element <*-Ha-6> from <-6> X 1116 collating-element <*-HaA6> from X 1117 collating-element <*-Ba-6> from <-6> X 1118 collating-element <*-BaA6> from X 1119 collating-element <*-Pa-6> from <-6> X 1120 collating-element <*-PaA6> from X 1121 collating-element <*-Ma-6> from <-6> X 1122 collating-element <*-MaA6> from X 1123 collating-element <*-YA-6> from <-6> X 1124 collating-element <*-YAA6> from X 1125 collating-element <*-Ya-6> from <-6> X 1126 collating-element <*-YaA6> from X 1127 collating-element <*-Ra-6> from <-6> X 1128 collating-element <*-RaA6> from X 1129 collating-element <*-WA-6> from <-6> X 1130 collating-element <*-WAA6> from X 1131 collating-element <*-Wa-6> from <-6> X 1132 collating-element <*-WaA6> from X 1133 collating-element <*-i6-6> from <-6> X 1134 collating-element <*-i6I6> from X 1135 collating-element <*-I6-6> from <-6> X 1136 collating-element <*-I6I6> from X 1137 collating-element <*-Ki-6> from <-6> X 1138 collating-element <*-KiI6> from X 1139 collating-element <*-Gi-6> from <-6> X 1140 collating-element <*-GiI6> from X 1141 collating-element <*-Si-6> from <-6> X 1142 collating-element <*-SiI6> from X 1143 collating-element <*-Zi-6> from <-6> X X X 28 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1144 collating-element <*-ZiI6> from X 1145 collating-element <*-Ti-6> from <-6> X 1146 collating-element <*-TiI6> from X 1147 collating-element <*-Di-6> from <-6> X 1148 collating-element <*-DiI6> from X 1149 collating-element <*-Ni-6> from <-6> X 1150 collating-element <*-NiI6> from X 1151 collating-element <*-Hi-6> from <-6> X 1152 collating-element <*-HiI6> from X 1153 collating-element <*-Pi-6> from <-6> X 1154 collating-element <*-PiI6> from X 1155 collating-element <*-Bi-6> from <-6> X 1156 collating-element <*-BiI6> from X 1157 collating-element <*-Mi-6> from <-6> X 1158 collating-element <*-MiI6> from X 1159 collating-element <*-Ri-6> from <-6> X 1160 collating-element <*-RiI6> from X 1161 collating-element <*-Wi-6> from <-6> X 1162 collating-element <*-WiI6> from X 1163 collating-element <*-u6-6> from <-6> X 1164 collating-element <*-u6U6> from X 1165 collating-element <*-U6-6> from <-6> X 1166 collating-element <*-U6U6> from X 1167 collating-element <*-Ku-6> from <-6> X 1168 collating-element <*-KuU6> from X 1169 collating-element <*-Gu-6> from <-6> X 1170 collating-element <*-GuU6> from X 1171 collating-element <*-Su-6> from <-6> X 1172 collating-element <*-SuU6> from X 1173 collating-element <*-Zu-6> from <-6> X 1174 collating-element <*-ZuU6> from X 1175 collating-element <*-Tu-6> from <-6> X 1176 collating-element <*-TuU6> from X 1177 collating-element <*-Du-6> from <-6> X 1178 collating-element <*-DuU6> from X 1179 collating-element <*-Nu-6> from <-6> X 1180 collating-element <*-NuU6> from X 1181 collating-element <*-Hu-6> from <-6> X 1182 collating-element <*-HuU6> from X 1183 collating-element <*-Bu-6> from <-6> X 1184 collating-element <*-BuU6> from X 1185 collating-element <*-Pu-6> from <-6> X 1186 collating-element <*-PuU6> from X 1187 collating-element <*-Mu-6> from <-6> X 1188 collating-element <*-MuU6> from X 1189 collating-element <*-YU-6> from <-6> X 1190 collating-element <*-YUU6> from X 1191 collating-element <*-Yu-6> from <-6> X 1192 collating-element <*-YuU6> from X 1193 collating-element <*-Ru-6> from <-6> X 1194 collating-element <*-RuU6> from X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 29 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1195 collating-element <*-Vu-6> from <-6> X 1196 collating-element <*-VuU6> from X 1197 collating-element <*-e6-6> from <-6> X 1198 collating-element <*-e6E6> from X 1199 collating-element <*-E6-6> from <-6> X 1200 collating-element <*-E6E6> from X 1201 collating-element <*-Ke-6> from <-6> X 1202 collating-element <*-KeE6> from X 1203 collating-element <*-Ge-6> from <-6> X 1204 collating-element <*-GeE6> from X 1205 collating-element <*-Se-6> from <-6> X 1206 collating-element <*-SeE6> from X 1207 collating-element <*-Ze-6> from <-6> X 1208 collating-element <*-ZeE6> from X 1209 collating-element <*-Te-6> from <-6> X 1210 collating-element <*-TeE6> from X 1211 collating-element <*-De-6> from <-6> X 1212 collating-element <*-DeE6> from X 1213 collating-element <*-Ne-6> from <-6> X 1214 collating-element <*-NeE6> from X 1215 collating-element <*-He-6> from <-6> X 1216 collating-element <*-HeE6> from X 1217 collating-element <*-Be-6> from <-6> X 1218 collating-element <*-BeE6> from X 1219 collating-element <*-Pe-6> from <-6> X 1220 collating-element <*-PeE6> from X 1221 collating-element <*-Me-6> from <-6> X 1222 collating-element <*-MeE6> from X 1223 collating-element <*-Re-6> from <-6> X 1224 collating-element <*-ReE6> from X 1225 collating-element <*-We-6> from <-6> X 1226 collating-element <*-WeE6> from X 1227 collating-element <*-o6-6> from <-6> X 1228 collating-element <*-o6O6> from X 1229 collating-element <*-O6-6> from <-6> X 1230 collating-element <*-O6O6> from X 1231 collating-element <*-Ko-6> from <-6> X 1232 collating-element <*-KoO6> from X 1233 collating-element <*-Go-6> from <-6> X 1234 collating-element <*-GoO6> from X 1235 collating-element <*-So-6> from <-6> X 1236 collating-element <*-SoO6> from X 1237 collating-element <*-Zo-6> from <-6> X 1238 collating-element <*-ZoO6> from X 1239 collating-element <*-To-6> from <-6> X 1240 collating-element <*-ToO6> from X 1241 collating-element <*-Do-6> from <-6> X 1242 collating-element <*-DoO6> from X 1243 collating-element <*-No-6> from <-6> X 1244 collating-element <*-NoO6> from X 1245 collating-element <*-Ho-6> from <-6> X X X 30 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1246 collating-element <*-HoO6> from X 1247 collating-element <*-Bo-6> from <-6> X 1248 collating-element <*-BoO6> from X 1249 collating-element <*-Po-6> from <-6> X 1250 collating-element <*-PoO6> from X 1251 collating-element <*-Mo-6> from <-6> X 1252 collating-element <*-MoO6> from X 1253 collating-element <*-YO-6> from <-6> X 1254 collating-element <*-YOO6> from X 1255 collating-element <*-Yo-6> from <-6> X 1256 collating-element <*-YoO6> from X 1257 collating-element <*-Ro-6> from <-6> X 1258 collating-element <*-RoO6> from X 1259 collating-element <*-Wo-6> from <-6> X 1260 collating-element <*-WoO6> from X X X 1261 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- X X X 1262 order_start forward;forward X 1263 X 1264 X 1265 X 1266 X 1267 X 1268 X 1269 X 1270 X 1271 X 1272 X 1273 X 1274 X 1275 X 1276 X 1277 X 1278 X 1279 X 1280 X 1281 X 1282 X 1283 X 1284 X 1285 X 1286 X 1287 X 1288 X 1289 X 1290 X 1291 X 1292 X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 31 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1293 X 1294 X 1295 X 1296 X 1297 X 1298 X 1299 X 1300 X 1301 X 1302 X 1303 X 1304 X 1305 X 1306 X 1307 X 1308 X 1309 X 1310 X 1311 X 1312 X 1313 X 1314 X 1315 X 1316 X 1317 X 1318 X 1319 X 1320 X 1321 X 1322 X 1323 X 1324 X 1325 X 1326 X 1327 X 1328 ; X 1329 ; X 1330 ; X 1331 ; X 1332 ; X 1333 ; X 1334 ; X 1335 ; X 1336 ; X 1337 ; X 1338 ; X 1339 ; X 1340 ; X 1341 ; X 1342 ; X 1343 ; X X X 32 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1344 ; X 1345 ; X 1346 ; X 1347 ; X 1348 ; X 1349 ; X 1350 ; X 1351 ; X 1352 ; X 1353 ; X 1354 ; X 1355 ; X 1356 ; X 1357 ; X 1358

;

X 1359

;

X 1360 ; X 1361 ; X 1362 ; X 1363 ; X 1364 ; X 1365 ; X 1366 ; X 1367 ; X 1368 ; X 1369 ; X 1370 ; X 1371 ; X 1372 ; X 1373 ; X 1374 ; X 1375 ; X 1376 ; X 1377 ; X 1378 ; X 1379 ; X 1380 X 1381 X 1382 X 1383 X 1384 X 1385 X 1386 X 1387 X 1388 X 1389 X 1390 X 1391 ; X 1392 <*-a6-6> ;<-6> X 1393 <*-a6A6> ; X 1394 ; X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 33 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1395 ; X 1396 <*-A6-6> ;<-6> X 1397 <*-A6A6> ; X 1398 ; X 1399 ; X 1400 <*-i6-6> ;<-6> X 1401 <*-i6I6> ; X 1402 ; X 1403 ; X 1404 <*-I6-6> ;<-6> X 1405 <*-I6I6> ; X 1406 ; X 1407 ; X 1408 <*-u6-6> ;<-6> X 1409 <*-u6U6> ; X 1410 ; X 1411 ; X 1412 <*-U6-6> ;<-6> X 1413 <*-U6U6> ; X 1414 ; X 1415 ; X 1416 <*-Vu-6> ;<-6> X 1417 <*-VuU6> ; X 1418 ; X 1419 <*-e6-6> ;<-6> X 1420 <*-e6E6> ; X 1421 ; X 1422 ; X 1423 <*-E6-6> ;<-6> X 1424 <*-E6E6> ; X 1425 ; X 1426 ; X 1427 <*-o6-6> ;<-6> X 1428 <*-o6O6> ; X 1429 ; X 1430 ; X 1431 <*-O6-6> ;<-6> X 1432 <*-O6O6> ; X 1433 ; X 1434 ; X 1435 ; X 1436 <*-Ka-6> ;<-6> X 1437 <*-KaA6> ; X 1438 ; X 1439 ; X 1440 <*-Ga-6> ;<-6> X 1441 <*-GaA6> ; X 1442 ; X 1443 ; X 1444 <*-Ki-6> ;<-6> X 1445 <*-KiI6> ; X X X 34 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1446 ; X 1447 ; X 1448 <*-Gi-6> ;<-6> X 1449 <*-GiI6> ; X 1450 ; X 1451 ; X 1452 <*-Ku-6> ;<-6> X 1453 <*-KuU6> ; X 1454 ; X 1455 ; X 1456 <*-Gu-6> ;<-6> X 1457 <*-GuU6> ; X 1458 ; X 1459 ; X 1460 ; X 1461 <*-Ke-6> ;<-6> X 1462 <*-KeE6> ; X 1463 ; X 1464 ; X 1465 <*-Ge-6> ;<-6> X 1466 <*-GeE6> ; X 1467 ; X 1468 ; X 1469 <*-Ko-6> ;<-6> X 1470 <*-KoO6> ; X 1471 ; X 1472 ; X 1473 <*-Go-6> ;<-6> X 1474 <*-GoO6> ; X 1475 ; X 1476 ; X 1477 <*-Sa-6> ;<-6> X 1478 <*-SaA6> ; X 1479 ; X 1480 ; X 1481 <*-Za-6> ;<-6> X 1482 <*-ZaA6> ; X 1483 ; X 1484 ; X 1485 <*-Si-6> ;<-6> X 1486 <*-SiI6> ; X 1487 ; X 1488 ; X 1489 <*-Zi-6> ;<-6> X 1490 <*-ZiI6> ; X 1491 ; X 1492 ; X 1493 <*-Su-6> ;<-6> X 1494 <*-SuU6> ; X 1495 ; X 1496 ; X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 35 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1497 <*-Zu-6> ;<-6> X 1498 <*-ZuU6> ; X 1499 ; X 1500 ; X 1501 <*-Se-6> ;<-6> X 1502 <*-SeE6> ; X 1503 ; X 1504 ; X 1505 <*-Ze-6> ;<-6> X 1506 <*-ZeE6> ; X 1507 ; X 1508 ; X 1509 <*-So-6> ;<-6> X 1510 <*-SoO6> ; X 1511 ; X 1512 ; X 1513 <*-Zo-6> ;<-6> X 1514 <*-ZoO6> ; X 1515 ; X 1516 ; X 1517 <*-Ta-6> ;<-6> X 1518 <*-TaA6> ; X 1519 ; X 1520 ; X 1521 <*-Da-6> ;<-6> X 1522 <*-DaA6> ; X 1523 ; X 1524 ; X 1525 <*-Ti-6> ;<-6> X 1526 <*-TiI6> ; X 1527 ; X 1528 ; X 1529 <*-Di-6> ;<-6> X 1530 <*-DiI6> ; X 1531 ; X 1532 ; X 1533 ; X 1534 ; X 1535 <*-Tu-6> ;<-6> X 1536 <*-TuU6> ; X 1537 ; X 1538 ; X 1539 <*-Du-6> ;<-6> X 1540 <*-DuU6> ; X 1541 ; X 1542 ; X 1543 <*-Te-6> ;<-6> X 1544 <*-TeE6> ; X 1545 ; X 1546 ; X 1547 <*-De-6> ;<-6> X X X 36 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1548 <*-DeE6> ; X 1549 ; X 1550 ; X 1551 <*-To-6> ;<-6> X 1552 <*-ToO6> ; X 1553 ; X 1554 ; X 1555 <*-Do-6> ;<-6> X 1556 <*-DoO6> ; X 1557 ; X 1558 ; X 1559 <*-Na-6> ;<-6> X 1560 <*-NaA6> ; X 1561 ; X 1562 ; X 1563 <*-Ni-6> ;<-6> X 1564 <*-NiI6> ; X 1565 ; X 1566 ; X 1567 <*-Nu-6> ;<-6> X 1568 <*-NuU6> ; X 1569 ; X 1570 ; X 1571 <*-Ne-6> ;<-6> X 1572 <*-NeE6> ; X 1573 ; X 1574 ; X 1575 <*-No-6> ;<-6> X 1576 <*-NoO6> ; X 1577 ; X 1578 ; X 1579 <*-Ha-6> ;<-6> X 1580 <*-HaA6> ; X 1581 ; X 1582 ; X 1583 <*-Ba-6> ;<-6> X 1584 <*-BaA6> ; X 1585 ; X 1586 ; X 1587 <*-Pa-6> ;<-6> X 1588 <*-PaA6> ; X 1589 ; X 1590 ; X 1591 <*-Hi-6> ;<-6> X 1592 <*-HiI6> ; X 1593 ; X 1594 ; X 1595 <*-Bi-6> ;<-6> X 1596 <*-BiI6> ; X 1597 ; X 1598 ; X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 37 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1599 <*-Pi-6> ;<-6> X 1600 <*-PiI6> ; X 1601 ; X 1602 ; X 1603 <*-Hu-6> ;<-6> X 1604 <*-HuU6> ; X 1605 ; X 1606 ; X 1607 <*-Bu-6> ;<-6> X 1608 <*-BuU6> ; X 1609 ; X 1610 ; X 1611 <*-Pu-6> ;<-6> X 1612 <*-PuU6> ; X 1613 ; X 1614 ; X 1615 <*-He-6> ;<-6> X 1616 <*-HeE6> ; X 1617 ; X 1618 ; X 1619 <*-Be-6> ;<-6> X 1620 <*-BeE6> ; X 1621 ; X 1622 ; X 1623 <*-Pe-6> ;<-6> X 1624 <*-PeE6> ; X 1625 ; X 1626 ; X 1627 <*-Ho-6> ;<-6> X 1628 <*-HoO6> ; X 1629 ; X 1630 ; X 1631 <*-Bo-6> ;<-6> X 1632 <*-BoO6> ; X 1633 ; X 1634 ; X 1635 <*-Po-6> ;<-6> X 1636 <*-PoO6> ; X 1637 ; X 1638 ; X 1639 <*-Ma-6> ;<-6> X 1640 <*-MaA6> ; X 1641 ; X 1642 ; X 1643 <*-Mi-6> ;<-6> X 1644 <*-MiI6> ; X 1645 ; X 1646 ; X 1647 <*-Mu-6> ;<-6> X 1648 <*-MuU6> ; X 1649 ; X X X 38 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1650 ; X 1651 <*-Me-6> ;<-6> X 1652 <*-MeE6> ; X 1653 ; X 1654 ; X 1655 <*-Mo-6> ;<-6> X 1656 <*-MoO6> ; X 1657 ; X 1658 ; X 1659 <*-YA-6> ;<-6> X 1660 <*-YAA6> ; X 1661 ; X 1662 ; X 1663 <*-Ya-6> ;<-6> X 1664 <*-YaA6> ; X 1665 ; X 1666 ; X 1667 <*-YU-6> ;<-6> X 1668 <*-YUU6> ; X 1669 ; X 1670 ; X 1671 <*-Yu-6> ;<-6> X 1672 <*-YuU6> ; X 1673 ; X 1674 ; X 1675 <*-YO-6> ;<-6> X 1676 <*-YOO6> ; X 1677 ; X 1678 ; X 1679 <*-Yo-6> ;<-6> X 1680 <*-YoO6> ; X 1681 ; X 1682 ; X 1683 <*-Ra-6> ;<-6> X 1684 <*-RaA6> ; X 1685 ; X 1686 ; X 1687 <*-Ri-6> ;<-6> X 1688 <*-RiI6> ; X 1689 ; X 1690 ; X 1691 <*-Ru-6> ;<-6> X 1692 <*-RuU6> ; X 1693 ; X 1694 ; X 1695 <*-Re-6> ;<-6> X 1696 <*-ReE6> ; X 1697 ; X 1698 ; X 1699 <*-Ro-6> ;<-6> X 1700 <*-RoO6> ; X X X 3.2 LC_COLLATE 39 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1701 ; X 1702 ; X 1703 <*-WA-6> ;<-6> X 1704 <*-WAA6> ; X 1705 ; X 1706 ; X 1707 <*-Wa-6> ;<-6> X 1708 <*-WaA6> ; X 1709 ; X 1710 ; X 1711 <*-Wi-6> ;<-6> X 1712 <*-WiI6> ; X 1713 ; X 1714 ; X 1715 <*-We-6> ;<-6> X 1716 <*-WeE6> ; X 1717 ; X 1718 ; X 1719 <*-Wo-6> ;<-6> X 1720 <*-WoO6> ; X 1721 ; X 1722 ; X 1723 ; X 1724 UNDEFINED X 1725 order_end X X X 1726 END LC_COLLATE X X 1728 3.3 LLLLCCCC____MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEESSSS X X X 1729 LC_MESSAGES X X 1730 # Any string starting with any form of Latin Y is X 1731 # recognized as affirmative answer. X 1732 # Any string starting with any form of Latin N is X 1733 # recognized as negative answer. X 1734 # Installations may add other definitions such as for X 1735 # Hiragana and Katakana strings. X X 1736 # yesexpr "^[]" X X 1737 yesexpr "\ X 1738 " X X 1739 # noexpr "^[]" X X 1740 noexpr "\ X 1741 " X X X X 40 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1742 END LC_MESSAGES X X 1744 3.4 LLLLCCCC____MMMMOOOONNNNEEEETTTTAAAARRRRYYYY X X X 1745 LC_MONETARY X X 1746 # X 1747 # The character used as currency_symbol may X 1748 # either be double-assigned to (whose code X 1749 # in ISO 646 is for YEN sign in JIS X0201) or . X 1750 # X X 1751 int_curr_symbol "

" X 1752 currency_symbol "" X 1753 mon_decimal_point "" X 1754 mon_thousand_sep "" X 1755 mon_grouping "3;0" X 1756 positive_sign "" X 1757 negative_sign "" X 1758 int_frac_digits "0" X 1759 frac_digits "0" X 1760 p_cs_precedes "1" X 1761 p_sep_by_space "0" X 1762 n_cs_precedes "1" X 1763 n_sep_by_space "0" X 1764 p_sign_posn "1" X 1765 n_sign_posn "4" X X 1766 END LC_MONETARY X X 1768 3.5 LLLLCCCC____NNNNUUUUMMMMEEEERRRRIIIICCCC X X X 1769 LC_NUMERIC X X 1770 # X 1771 # Japanese numeric representation currently widely used X 1772 # is the one imported from the U.S. in late 19th century. X 1773 # X X 1774 decimal_point "" X 1775 thousands_sep "" X 1776 grouping "3;0" X X 1777 END LC_NUMERIC X X X X X X X X 3.5 LC_NUMERIC 41 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1779 3.6 LLLLCCCC____TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE X X X 1780 LC_TIME X X 1781 # X 1782 # The definition uses Kanji where it is appropriate. X 1783 # We have same definition for abmon and mon, because Japanese X 1784 # full representation for a month is enough short. Ancient X 1785 # month names (MUTUKI, KISARAGI, YAYOI, etc.) are not supported. X 1786 # X 1787 X 1788 # X 1789 # NICHI, GETSU, KA, SUI, MOKU, KIN and DO in Kanji X 1790 # for Sunday through Saturday respectively. X 1791 # X X 1792 abday "";"";"";"";\ X 1793 "";"";"" 1 X X 1794 # X 1795 # NICHI-YOBI, GETSU-YOBI, KA-YOBI, SUI-YOBI, X 1796 # MOKU-YOBI, KIN-YOBI and DO-YOBI in Kanji X 1797 # for Sunday through Saturday respectively. X 1798 # X X 1799 day "";"";\ X 1800 "";"";\ X 1801 "";"";\ X 1802 "" 1 X X 1803 # Abmon and mon: X 1804 # X 1805 # Abmon and mon are identical. X 1806 # The numeric character part in abmon and mon may X 1807 # either the digits in portable characters X 1808 # or the numbers in JIS X0208. The conforming X 1809 # installations shall choose one of these two X 1810 # different definitions: X 1811 # X 1812 # (1) 1-gatsu, 2-gatsu, and so on with portable X 1813 # characters for January through December. X 1814 # X 1815 # abmon "";"";"";\ X 1816 # "";"";"";\ X 1817 # "";"";"";\ X 1818 # "";"";\ X 1819 # "" X 1820 # X 1821 # mon "";"";"";\ X 1822 # "";"";"";\ X X X 42 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1823 # "";"";"";\ X 1824 # "";"";\ X 1825 # "" X 1826 # X 1827 # (2) 1-gatsu, 2-gatsu, and so on with numbers in JIS X0208 X 1828 # for January through December. X 1829 # X 1830 # abmon "";"";"";\ X 1831 # "";"";"";\ X 1832 # "";"";"";\ X 1833 # "";"";\ X 1834 # "" X 1835 # X 1836 # mon "";"";"";\ X 1837 # "";"";"";\ X 1838 # "";"";"";\ X 1839 # "";"";\ X 1840 # "" X 1841 # X X 1842 # Era year X 1843 # HEISEI, SHOWA, TAISHO and MEIJI eras are supported which X 1844 # are in anti-chronological order. X 1845 # Years before MEIJI are printed as SEIREKI (A.D.) or KIGENZEN (B.C.). X 1846 # X 1847 # era "+:2:1990/01/01:+*::%N%o";\ X 1848 # "+:1:1989/01/08:1989/12/31::%N";\ X 1849 # "+:2:1927/01/01:1989/01/07::%N%o";\ X 1850 # "+:1:1926/12/25:1926/12/31::%N";\ X 1851 # "+:2:1913/01/01:1926/12/24::%N%o";\ X 1852 # "+:1:1912/07/30:1912/12/31::%N";\ X 1853 # "+:2:1869/01/01:1912/07/29::%N%o";\ X 1854 # "+:1:1868/09/08:1868/12/31::%N";\ X 1855 # "+:1:1/1/1:1868/09/07::%N%o";\ X 1856 # "-:1:-1/12/31:-*::%N%o" X X 1857 era "\ X 1858 \ X 1859 \ X 1860 \ X 1861 \ X 1862 ";\ X 1863 "\ X 1864 \ X 1865 \ X 1866 \ X 1867 \ X 1868 ";\ X 1869 "\ X 1870 \ X 1871 \ X X X 3.6 LC_TIME 43 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1872 \ X 1873 \ X 1874 ";\ X 1875 "\ X 1876 \ X 1877 5\ X 1878 \ X 1879 \ X 1880 ";\ X 1881 "\ X 1882 \ X 1883 \ X 1884 4\ X 1885 \ X 1886 ";\ X 1887 "\ X 1888 \ X 1889 \ X 1890 \ X 1891 \ X 1892 ";\ X 1893 "\ X 1894 \ X 1895 \ X 1896 \ X 1897 \ X 1898 ";\ X 1899 "\ X 1900 \ X 1901 \ X 1902 \ X 1903 \ X 1904 ";\ X 1905 "\ X 1906 \ X 1907 \ X 1908 \ X 1909 \ X 1910 ";\ X 1911 "\ X 1912 \ X 1913 \ X 1914 \ X 1915 \ X 1916 " X 1917 X 1918 # Expected output date format: X 1919 # X 1920 # HEISEI 2 NEN 8 GATSU 20 NICHI ( GETSU ) 9 JI 30 FUN 0 BYOU X 1921 # in Kanji X 1922 # X X X 44 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1923 # d_t_fmt "%E%m%d%a%H%M%S" X 1924 # X X 1925 d_t_fmt "\ X 1926 \ X 1927 " X X 1928 # X 1929 # %y/%m/%d (91/02/28) X 1930 # X 1931 # d_fmt "%y%m%d" X 1932 # X X 1933 d_fmt "" X X 1934 # X 1935 # %H:%M:%S (9:45:00) X 1936 # X 1937 # t_fmt "%H%M%S" X 1938 # X X 1939 t_fmt "" X X 1940 # X 1941 # GOZEN and GOGO in Kanji for a.m and p.m. respectively X 1942 # X X 1943 am_pm "";"" 1 X X 1944 END LC_TIME X X 1946 3.7 LLLLAAAANNNNGGGG X X 1947 It is recommended that LANG should be defined using a scheme X 1948 which is proposed by X/Open for X/Open Portability Guide X 1949 Edition 4(XPG4). X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3.7 LANG 45 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1951 Annex A ((((iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiivvvveeee)))) RRRRaaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaalllleeee aaaannnndddd NNNNooootttteeeessss X X X X X 1953 A.1 GGGGeeeennnneeeerrrraaaallll X X 1955 A.2 PPPPaaaarrrraaaammmmeeeetttteeeerrrrssss aaaannnndddd OOOOppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss X X 1957 A.2.1 CCCChhhhaaaarrrrmmmmaaaapppp ((((PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX....2222)))) X X 1959 A.2.1.1 CCCChhhhaaaarrrraaaacccctttteeeerrrr CCCCooooddddeeeessss aaaannnndddd GGGGllllyyyypppphhhhssss iiiinnnn tttthhhheeee NNNNaaaattttiiiioo oonnnnaaaallll SSSSttttaaaannnnddddaaaarrrrdddd X 1960 In addition to Japanese verison of ISO 646, Japanese X 1961 Industrial Standards Commission has defined three character X 1962 sets: JIS X0201, JIS X0208 and JIS X0212. Some X 1963 implementations map these three character sets into a X 1964 multi-octet code space with the most significant bit in each X 1965 octet ignored, while other implementations utilize all the X 1966 bits in each octet. Both stateful and stateless encoding X 1967 schemes are widely used. X X 1968 We have several popular mapping implementations usually X 1969 referred to as JIS7, JIS8, UJIS (JIS based on EUC) and X 1970 Shifted JIS (or MS Kanji code). There are EBCDIC-based X 1971 implementations, collectively known as EBCDIC Kanji, which X 1972 are vendor specific. There are also other vendor specific X 1973 mapping implementations. X X 1974 Japanese version of ISO 646 consists of the same character X 1975 set as ISO 646IRV except: X X 1976 o+ substitutes Y= (yen currency symbol) for \ (backslash); X X 1977 o+ substitutes 8_9 (overbar sign) for ~ (tilde). X X 1978 JIS X0201 consists of: X X 1979 o+ the left-hand part which contains the same character X 1980 set as Japanese version of ISO 646; X X 1981 o+ the right-hand part which contains Katakana syllabary. X X 1982 JIS X0208 consists of: X X 1983 o+ Alphanumeric characters and other symbols (overlaps X 1984 with Japanese version of ISO 646); X X 1985 o+ Hiragana syllabary; X X 1986 o+ Katakana syllabary(overlaps with JIS X0201); X X X X 46 (informative) Rationale and Notes X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 1987 o+ Russian and Greek characters; X X 1988 o+ Special symbols; X X 1989 o+ Kanji. X X 1990 JIS X0212 consists of other Kanji characters. The number of X 1991 characters defined in JIS X0208 and JIS X0212 in total is X 1992 more than 10,000. X X 1994 A.2.1.2 IIIImmmmpppplllleeeemmmmeeeennnnttttaaaattttiiiioooonnnn IIIIssssssssuuuueeeessss X X 1997 A.2.2 CCCCHHHHAAAARRRR____BBBBIIIITTTT aaaannnndddd CCCChhhhaaaarrrraaaacccctttteeeerrrr HHHHaaaannnnddddlllliiiinnnngggg iiiinnnn CCCC LLLLaaa annnngggguuuuaaaaggggeeee ((((IIIISSSSOOOO X 1998 9999888899999999)))) X 1999 ISO 9899 requests that the value of CHAR_BIT is equal to or X 2000 greater than 8. We came to the conclusion that the CHAR_BIT X 2001 value in Japanese National Profile shall be 8 because of the X 2002 two major reasons: almost all existing UNIX systems in Japan X 2003 as well as in the western world are practically based on the X 2004 CHAR_BIT value of 8; if we define any other value than 8 as X 2005 the CHAR_BIT value in Japanese National Profile, the X 2006 interoperability between existing systems and the conforming X 2007 systems will become a big issue. X X 2008 In the discussion about CHAR_BIT, there were many opinions X 2009 presented. one of them is shown below: X X 2010 It was suggested to define the CHAR_BIT to be large enough X 2011 to handle multi- octet character set such as Kanji X 2012 character. There are still several questions around this X 2013 problem. In the definition of system function interface, the X 2014 concept of character is still vague, especially for multi- X 2015 octet characters. In ISO 9899 C language standard, the X 2016 concept of wchar_t is suggested, and it is quite different X 2017 from the ordinal character type which is suitable for X 2018 handling a single octet character set such as ASCII and most X 2019 European characters. Therefore, even if the CHAR_BIT is X 2020 supposed to be defined as 16, the entire problem is not X 2021 solved. X X 2022 For example, it is still vague how to switch a single octet X 2023 character set environment to multi-octet character set X 2024 environment through the use of setlocale function. In an X 2025 ideal internationalized system, the multilingual system is X 2026 desirable. That is, there are several national characters X 2027 existing simultaneously in one system environment. In that X 2028 case, the concept of character should be general enough to X 2029 handle both single octet and multi-octet characters. The X 2030 current solution in C language standard to handle multi- X 2031 octet characters by using wchar_t does not fit to this goal. X 2032 In that status, for the national profile for each country or X X X A.2 Parameters and Options 47 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 2033 cultural environment, the definition should be carefully X 2034 carried out so that several national profiles can be handled X 2035 simultaneously in the one system environment. X X 2036 It is still vague whether a national profile defines the X 2037 subset of the system environment from the generally defined X 2038 environment (internationalized environment). For this X 2039 purpose, it still needs to handle several character sets in X 2040 the consistent manner. In the current C language standard, X 2041 the character type and wchar_t type is not necessarily X 2042 consistent. Therefore, we need to investigate an ideal X 2043 method to handle several character sets consistently. X X 2045 A.2.3 DDDDeeeelllleeeetttteeee CCCChhhhaaaarrrraaaacccctttteeeerrrr ((((PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX....1111)))) X 2046 The operation of delete character in POSIX.1 is defined not X 2047 for byte (octet), but for character in POSIX term. Because X 2048 it tends to be misunderstood when multi-octet characters are X 2049 used, the description in this section was added. X X 2051 A.2.4 FFFFiiiilllleeee NNNNaaaammmmeeee LLLLeeeennnnggggtttthhhh aaaannnndddd iiiittttssss HHHHaaaannnnddddlllliiiinnnngggg ((((PPPPOOOOSSSSIII IXXXX....1111)))) X X 2053 A.2.5 CCCChhhhaaaarrrraaaacccctttteeeerrrr EEEEnnnnccccooooddddiiiinnnngggg ffffoooorrrr PPPPaaaatttthhhh NNNNaaaammmmeeee DDDDeeeelllliiiimmm miiiitttteeeerrrrssss ((((PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX....1111)))) X X 2055 A.2.6 AAAArrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee FFFFoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnssssiiiioooonnnnssss ((((PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX....1111)))) X 2056 SSI/POSIX Working Group strongly feels the needs of multi- X 2057 octet character usage in the archive format. But this means X 2058 that there should be an agreement on the encoding scheme for X 2059 multi-octet characters. The group will continue to study on X 2060 this issue. X X 2062 A.3 JJJJaaaappppaaaannnneeeesssseeee LLLLooooccccaaaalllleeee ((((IIIISSSSOOOO 9999888899999999 aaaannnndddd PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX....2222)))) X X 2063 Although the members in SSI/POSIX Working Group fells that X 2064 the entire JIS X0201 characters should be supported, there X 2065 are a few vendors whose existing systems do not support the X 2066 right-hand part of JIS X0201 (Katakana). The group therefore X 2067 decided to remove such characters from mandatory character X 2068 sets. X X 2070 A.3.1 LLLLCCCC____CCCCTTTTYYYYPPPPEEEE X X 2072 A.3.2 LLLLCCCC____CCCCOOOOLLLLLLLLAAAATTTTEEEE X 2073 (Japanese characters) - The Japanese characters defined in X 2074 JIS x0201, X0208 and X0212 consist of the following: X X 2075 o+ Hiragana X 2076 sy llabary X X 2077 o+ Katakana X 2078 sy llabary X X X X 48 (informative) Rationale and Notes X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 2079 o+ Kanji X X 2080 Romanization (Romaji) is also used. X X 2081 (Japanese culture about the character order) - In many cases X 2082 in Japan, the character order is mainly based on the X 2083 pronunciation of characters. In other cases, the order is X 2084 based on the radicals and stroke numbers of Kanji, or X 2085 combination of all or some of these. X X 2086 (Hiragana and Katakana) - In these characters, the letter X 2087 and its pronunciation are usually matched one by one with X 2088 some exceptions listed below as issues. So it is relatively X 2089 possible to define the collating sequence of Hiragana and X 2090 Katakana independently. But in the case of mixture of X 2091 Hiragana and Katakana, the collation is an issue. X X 2092 The issues are the order of: X X 2093 o+ Hiragana X 2094 an d X 2095 Ka takana; X X 2096 o+ Normal X 2097 an d X 2098 sm all X 2099 ch aracters X 2100 fo r X 2101 bo th X 2102 Hi ragana X 2103 an d X 2104 Ka takana X 2105 (e x. X 2106 ki ya X 2107 an d X 2108 ky a); X X 2109 o+ Normal, X 2110 Vo iced X 2111 an d X 2112 Se mi- X 2113 vo iced X 2114 ch aracters X 2115 fo r X 2116 bo th X 2117 Hi ragana X 2118 an d X 2119 Ka takana X 2120 (e x. X 2121 ha , X 2122 ba X X X A.3 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) 49 X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 2123 an d X 2124 pa X 2125 in X 2126 Ro manization); X X 2127 o+ Iteration X 2128 ma rk X 2129 fo r X 2130 bo th X 2131 Hi ragana X 2132 an d X 2133 Ka takana; X X 2134 o+ Prolonged X 2135 ma rk X 2136 fo r X 2137 Ka takana. X 2138 (Kanji) - Kanji has several attributes - pronunciation, X 2139 stroke number, radical, etc., and these attributes could be X 2140 the key to order them. X X 2141 A Kanji character may have multiple way of pronunciation. X 2142 For example, the character (in JIS X0208) is X 2143 pronounced in nine different ways depending on its usage in X 2144 various words which contains the character. In Romanization, X 2145 these are shown as: X X 2146 bi X 2147 hi X 2148 ni X 2149 pi X 2150 ka X 2151 jitsu X 2152 nichi X 2153 nitsu X 2154 tachi X X 2155 The pronunciation of Kanji therefore can be determined only X 2156 when the word in which the Kanji is used is known. So it is X 2157 not adequate for Kanji to be collated according to only one X 2158 of the multiple pronunciations. X X 2159 (Romaji - Romanization of Hiragana and Katakana characters) X 2160 - In Romaji, one character is represented with one, two or X 2161 three Roman alphabet. Each set of Roman alphabet therefore X 2162 should be kept in the collation process, which is an issue. X X 2163 (An example of sorting rules use in Japan) - A common X 2164 telephone directory uses multiple sorting rules combined - X 2165 pronunciation, stroke counts of Kanji character, first sound X 2166 of initial character, sound counts of character (one sounded X X X 50 (informative) Rationale and Notes X X X X X X X X X Draft Japanese National Profile for POSIX Version 1.1 X X X X 2167 character prior to two sounded character), etc.. X X 2169 A.3.3 LLLLCCCC____MMMMEEEESSSSSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEESSSS X X 2171 A.3.4 LLLLCCCC____MMMMOOOONNNNEEEETTTTAAAARRRRYYYY X X 2173 A.3.5 LLLLCCCC____NNNNUUUUMMMMEEEERRRRIIIICCCC X X 2175 A.3.6 LLLLCCCC____TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE X X 2177 A.3.7 LLLLAAAANNNNGGGG X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X A.3 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2) 51 X X X X X X X X X X X X X CONTENTS X X X Foreword................................................ 1 X X Introduction............................................ 4 X X Section 1 General...................................... 5 X 1.1 Scope................................... 5 X 1.2 References.............................. 5 X 1.3 Objectives.............................. 6 X 1.4 Japanese POSIX Conformance.............. 6 X 1.4.1 System Requirements.............. 6 X 1.4.2 Application Conformance.......... 6 X 1.4.3 C language....................... 7 X 1.4.4 Relationship with POSIX X Conformance...................... 7 X 1.5 Special Remarks in Defining Japanese X National Profile for POSIX.............. 7 X 1.5.1 Character Naming................. 7 X 1.5.2 Glyph Usage in Character Map X Table Definition................. 7 X 1.5.3 Character Coding................. 8 X X Section 2 Parameters and Options....................... 9 X 2.1 Charmap (POSIX.2)....................... 9 X 2.1.1 Character Codes and Glyphs in X the National Standard............ 9 X 2.1.2 Implementation Issues............ 9 X 2.2 CHAR_BIT and Character Handling in C X Language (ISO 9899)..................... 10 X 2.3 Delete Character (POSIX.1).............. 10 X 2.4 File Name Length and its Handling X (POSIX.1)............................... 10 X 2.5 Character Encoding for Path Name X Delimiters (POSIX.1).................... 11 X 2.6 Archive Format Extensions (POSIX.1)..... 11 X X Section 3 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and POSIX.2)....... 12 X 3.1 LC_CTYPE................................ 12 X 3.2 LC_COLLATE.............................. 27 X 3.3 LC_MESSAGES............................. 40 X 3.4 LC_MONETARY............................. 41 X 3.5 LC_NUMERIC.............................. 41 X 3.6 LC_TIME................................. 42 X 3.7 LANG.................................... 45 X X Annex A (informative) Rationale and Notes............ 46 X A.1 General................................. 46 X A.2 Parameters and Options.................. 46 X A.2.1 Charmap (POSIX.2)................ 46 X X X X - i - X X X X X X X X X X X X A.2.1.1 Character Codes and X Glyphs in the National X Standard................ 46 X A.2.1.2 Implementation X Issues.................. 47 X A.2.2 CHAR_BIT and Character Handling X in C Language (ISO 9899)......... 47 X A.2.3 Delete Character (POSIX.1)....... 48 X A.2.4 File Name Length and its X Handling (POSIX.1)............... 48 X A.2.5 Character Encoding for Path Name X Delimiters (POSIX.1)............. 48 X A.2.6 Archive Format Extensions X (POSIX.1)........................ 48 X A.3 Japanese Locale (ISO 9899 and X POSIX.2)................................ 48 X A.3.1 LC_CTYPE......................... 48 X A.3.2 LC_COLLATE....................... 48 X A.3.3 LC_MESSAGES...................... 51 X A.3.4 LC_MONETARY...................... 51 X A.3.5 LC_NUMERIC....................... 51 X A.3.6 LC_TIME.......................... 51 X A.3.7 LANG............................. 51 X X X LIST OF TABLES X X X TABLE 1. Character classes of JIS X0208 characters..... 12 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X - ii - X X X X //GO.SYSIN DD part2 

;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...;;\e X ;...; X X# X# Lower class: X# Alphabets in portable character set, X# Roman letters in JIS X0208, X# Greek letters in JIS X0208 and X# Russian letters in JIS X0208. X Xlower ;;;;;;;;;;;;;\e X ;;