ISO/IEC DPTR - Guidelines for POSIX National Profiles Information technology - Guidelines for POSIX National Profiles October 28, 1991 (Preliminary Draft 0.04) SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrical Commission) together form a system for worldwide standardization as a whole. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The main task of a technical committee is to prepare International Standards but in exceptional circumstances, the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types may be proposed: - type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; - type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; - type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Report of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the date they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/IEC DPTR xxxxx, which is a Technical Report of type 3, has been prepared by the Rapporteur Group on Internationalization under the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC22/WG15 - POSIX. Suggestions and comments for improvement of this document are welcome. They should be sent to: SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) Nobuo Saito c/o SSI/POSIX WG Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan Kikai-Shinko Kaikan Bldg., 3-5-8 Shiba-Koen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan Tel: +81 3 3431 2808 Fax: +81 3 3431 6493 Email: posix@u-tokyo.ac.jp As of now, the Working Group has the following members: Yuichi Chujo, NTT Kazuyoshi Fukumura, NEC Nobuyuki Hikichi, SRA Shiro Hikita, Sony Yukiharu Imafuku, NTT Data Akihisa Iwakawa, IBM Japan Akio Kido, IBM Japan Takao Komatsu, Mitsubishi Akihiko Kudoh, NTT Yutaka Matsumoto, Nihon Sun Yasushi Nakahara, Toshiba (National Profile Guidelines redactor) Shigekatsu Nakao, Fujitsu (Japanese National Profile redactor) Toshinori Numata, Fujitsu Shinji Ohta, Fuji Xerox Toshiharu Ono, Nihon UNISYS Erik van der Poel, SRA Nobuo Saito, Keio University (chairperson) Masahiko Sekiguchi, Fujitsu Hiroyuki Shiota, Fuji Xerox Yoichi Suehiro, DEC Japan Masaki Takeuchi, Sony Shin-ichi Yamada, NTT Data SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) ISO/IEC DPTR - Guidelines for POSIX National Profiles CONTENTS 1. Scope................................................................ 1 2. Normative References................................................. 2 3. Definitions.......................................................... 3 3.1 Terms defined in this report.................................... 3 3.1.1 POSIX Profile 3 3.1.2 POSIX National Profile 3 3.1.3 POSIX National Body Conformance 3 3.2 Terms defined in other documents................................ 4 4. Abbreviations........................................................ 5 5. The Purpose of National Profiles..................................... 6 6. Concept of a National Profile........................................ 7 6.1 The relationship to base standards.............................. 8 6.2 The relationship to Registration Authority...................... 8 6.3 Principles of National Profile Content.......................... 9 6.3.1 General Principles 9 6.3.2 Principles of National Profile Content 9 6.3.3 Main elements of a National Profile Definition 9 6.4 The meaning of conformance to a National Profile................ 10 6.5 Conformance requirements of POSIX National Profiles............. 10 6.6 Implementation Conformance...................................... 11 6.6.1 General 11 6.6.2 Requirements 11 6.7 POSIX Application Conformance for National Profiles............. 11 6.7.1 Conforming POSIX Application 12 6.7.2 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions 12 7. Contents of National Profile......................................... 13 - i - -1- 1. Scope POSIX National Profile 1 is defined to each of the countries where ISO 9945 POSIX Standrad is employed and the National Standard corresponding to this standard is defined. In this situation, the guideline 5 described in this technical report should be referenced by the National Body to specify the detailed aspects of the profile. National Profile gives the specifications of the parameters and the selections of optional items, which are strongly related to the functionalities to support processing and handling of the culture 10 dependent matters: i.e. the specification for a localization of the generic internationalized POSIX Standard for a particular nation or cultural region. This kind of National Profile should be developed by each of the National Bodies in the sense of "International Standardized Profile" 15 (ISP) developed by the Special Group on Functional Standardization (SGFS) of ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information Technology. __________ 1. Hereafter through this document, for simplicity of wording, the word National Profile is used as synonym of the word POSIX National Profile, unless otherwise stated. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S1. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -2- 2. Normative References The following standards contain provisions which constitute provisions of this report. ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990, Information technology - Protable Operating System 5 Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language] ISO/IEC CD 9945-2 (IEEE Std 1003.2, Draft 11, Feb 1991), Draft Standard for Information technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities 10 ISO/IEC 646, Information processing - ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. ISO 2022, Information processing - 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets - Code extension techniques. ISO 8859, Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic 15 character sets - Part 1, .., Part 8. ISO/IEC DIS 10646, Information technology - Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO/IEC Directives:1990, Procedures for the technical work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 on Information Technology. 20 ISO/IEC Directives Part 2:1989, Methodology for the development of International Standards. ISO/IEC Directives Part 3:1989, Drafting and presentation of International Standards. ISO/IEC 9899:1990, Programming languages - C. 25 ISO/IEC 9899 PDAM Part 3, Multibyte Support Extensions. TSG-1 Final Report (ISO/IEC JTC 1 N1335). IEEE P1003.0/D10 (December 1990), Draft Guide to the POSIX Open Systems Environment. IEEE P1003.18/D5 (September 1991), Draft Standard for Information 30 Technology - Standardized Profile - USI-P1001 Platform. ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1990, Information technology - Framework and taxonomy of International Standardized Profiles - Part 1: Framework. ISO/IEC TR 10000-2:1990, Information technology - Framework and taxonomy of International Standardized Profiles - Part 2: Taxonomy of Profiles. S1. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S2. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -3- 3. Definitions The following definitions should be applied and referenced through this technical report: 3.1 Terms defined in this report 5 3.1.1 POSIX Profile Profile for International Standard is a set of specifications of the parameters, the selections of the optional items and the recommendations of the implementation related matters. POSIX Profile corresponds to the same concept of the Profile for the POSIX International Standard. 10 3.1.2 POSIX National Profile National Profile is a subset of the POSIX Profile which is strongly related to the culture dependent aspects of the POSIX. It also contains the definitions and recommendations for the usage of national/regional standards which support the handling of the nation and/or area specific 15 aspects (e.g. the use of the coded character sets and so on). 3.1.3 POSIX National Body Conformance It is the concept of the degree of the preciseness of the coincidence between the specifications of a realized POSIX system and the POSIX National Profile. Since POSIX National Profile is not necessarily 20 included in the POSIX Profile, systems which pass the POSIX National Body Conformance may not pass the POSIX Conformance. S2. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S3.1.3 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -4- 3.2 Terms defined in other documents This part of the report uses the following terms defined in other relevant documents: a. Internationalization -- TSG-1 Final Report, IEEE P1003.0 5 b. Localization -- TSG-1 Final Report, IEEE P1003.0 c. Portability -- TSG-1 Final Report d. Locale -- ISO/IEC 9945-1, ISO/IEC DIS 9945-2, ISO/IEC 9899 S3.2 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S3.2 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -5- 4. Abbreviations ISP International Standardized Profile S3.2 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S4. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -6- 5. The Purpose of National Profiles National Profiles for POSIX based international standards define culture- and language- dependent adaptation and interpretation of POSIX for the following purposes. 5 o National Profile identifies the base international and national/regonal standards and clarify the relationships among them. o National Profile identifies the base standards, together with appropriate culture- and language- specific classes, subsets, 10 options and parameters, which are necessary to assure higher degree of portability. o National Profile gives detailed description of locale-dependent functions that are out of the scope of the Base International Standard which provides frameworks for internationalization so that 15 national bodies can define appropriate language and culture dependent adaptation and interpretation based on it, o National Profile provides reference systems on top of which culture- and language dependent applications can be built to promote POSIX based standards among users and vendors, 20 o National Profile promotes the development of conformance tests that produce consistent results for the systems compliant with POSIX and a given national profile. Various bodies throughout the world are undertaking work in the definition of National Profiles for POSIX based international standards. 25 This Guideline for POSIX National Profile Writers has been developed by SC22/WG15 to make the National Profiles consistent and the harmonization of the National Profiles easier by defining the followings; o Define style, documentation scope and classification scheme for National Profiles. 30 o Define those items that should be written in National Profiles o Define those items that should not be written in National Profiles S4. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S5. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -7- 6. Concept of a National Profile POSIX is a platform of Open System Environment(OSE), and APE(Application Environment Profile) is a set of parameters and the selection of options for the base standards included in OSE to support the execution of 5 application programs for a given application field. It includes the parameters and option selections for the relevant base standards such as the platform standards like POSIX and application specific standards like GKS, SQL and so on. A National Profile for a specific cultural region or a nation is a set 10 of parameters and option selections for several base standards like POSIX. These standards may be National Standards like JIS X0208, and they may be extensions of international standards. National Profile cannot avoid such non-international standards because it should specify the local cultural aspects. 15 Application Environment Profile and National Profile may be based on National Standards, and therefore it is necessary to coordinate in defining the parameters and option selections from the view point of international harmonization to support international application portability and interoperability. 20 Granting this fact, there are several levels of conformance both for a given POSIX application environment profile and a given POSIX National Profile as follows: For Application Environment Profile: (1) Strictly Conforming POSIX Application for POSIX AEP 25 An application that can be executed for any parameters and options for POSIX (2) ISO/IEC Conforming POSIX Application for POSIX AEP An application that requires only specific POSIX related parameters and options. 30 (3) ISO/IEC Conforming POSIX Application using Extensions for POSIX AEP An application that requires not only specific POSIX related parameters and options but also other ISO/IEC standards and their international profiles. 35 For POSIX National Profile: (1) National Body Conforming POSIX Application for POSIX NP S5. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -8- An application that requires only the POSIX related parameters and options defined in POSIX National Profile. (2) National Body Conforming POSIX Application using Extensions for POSIX NP 5 An application that requires POSIX related parameters and options defined in POSIX National Profile, national profiles for other ISO/IEC standards, and national body standards. 6.1 The relationship to base standards Base standards specify procedures and formats that facilitate the 10 development of internationally portable applications across many countries/regions. They may provide mechanisms for supporting language/cultural dependent (locale specific) aspects, hopefully in a locale-independent way as much as possible. National profiles promote applicability of the base standards to 15 specific countries/regions by defining how to use mechanisms specified in the base standards for a specific country/region with appropriate choice/value-setting of options/parameters. National profiles may also specify additional standards which are required for locale specific features support. 20 National profiles shall not contradict base standards but shall make specific choices where options and ranges of values are available. The choice of the base standard options should be restricted so as to maximize the application portability across National profiles, consistent with achieving the objectives of the National profiles. 25 6.2 The relationship to Registration Authority Some objects specified in National Profile shall be administered and registered to keep identification and to avoid conflict of values or names adopted by each of the countries. The administration and registration of such objects may be performed by 30 Registration Authorities ,e.g.,ISO/IEC/JTC1 SC22/WG15, or an appropriate organization authorized by ISO/IEC/JTC1, with the procedure recognized and agreed internationally. The following objects specified in National Profile should be registered and maintained by Registration Authorities. 35 (a) locale definitions and their names (b) symbolic character names S6. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6.2 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -9- (c) coded character set and their names (d) character class names 6.3 Principles of National Profile Content 6.3.1 General Principles 5 General Principles for a Profile specified in ISO/IEC/TR 10000-1, subclause 6.3 are applied to a POSIX National Profile. 6.3.2 Principles of National Profile Content A National Profile places a set of requirements which are useful in maximizing application's portability for a specific country/region. It 10 does not specify all of the functionalities of a system, but only that part relevant to the function being used for locale-specific operation. The content of a National Profile shall be specified in a codeset independent way where it's possible. When some requirements are recognized locale-specific but no clear indication can be made by a 15 National Profile, it may include an informative guidance to implementors. 6.3.3 Main elements of a National Profile Definition The definition of a National Profile shall comprise the following elements: 20 (a) a definition of the scope of the countries/regions for which the National Profile is defined, and of its purpose; (b) normative reference to base standards, including precise identification of the actual texts of the base standards being used and of any approved amendments and technical corrigenda 25 (errata), conformance to which is identified as potentially having an impact on achieving portability using the National Profile; (c) normative and informative reference to any other relevant source documents, including National Body standard; (d) specification of the application or the function of each 30 referenced base standard, covering recommendations on the choice of classes or subsets, and on the selection of options, ranges of parameter values, etc.; (e) specification of the locale information of each referenced base standard; S6.2 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6.3.3 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -10- (f) a statement defining the requirements to be observed by systems claiming conformance to the National Profile. 6.4 The meaning of conformance to a National Profile The concepts of Implementation Conformance and Application Conformance 5 are incorporated in the concept of National Profiles. These conformances which are defined in a National Profile are applied to only an application platform, for interoperability and for portability of applications and data. A real system is said to exhibit conformance if it compiles with the requirements of applicable POSIX standards. 10 A National Profile shall address the following two topics: (a) Implementation Conformance requirements (details as given in 6.6); (b) Application Conformance requirements (details as given in 6.7); These requirements are stated in a POSIX National Profile. In order to conform to a National Profile, a system shall perform 15 correctly all the capabilities defined in the POSIX as mandatory and also any options of the POSIX which it claims to include. Conformance to a base standard in this context is conformance to a particular identified publication of a referenced base standard. A National Profile shall be defined in such a way that testing of its 20 implementation can be carried out in the most complete way possible being given the available testing methodologies. 6.5 Conformance requirements of POSIX National Profiles (to be completed) S6.3.3 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6.5 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -11- 6.6 Implementation Conformance [ NOTE: The two chapters "Static Conformance" and "Dynamic Conformance" are changed into "Implementation Conformance" and "Application Conformance". - 1991.10.18 ] 5 6.6.1 General The choices of interfaces and functional behavior made in a National Profile's implementation conformance requirements are specific to that National Profile and provide added facilities to the base standards. The choices are not, therefore, arbitrary but need to be consistent with 10 the purpose of the National Profile and consistent across the base standards referenced by it. In order to avoid ambiguity between the National Profiles and the base standards, the implementation conformance requirements of a National Profile shall be specified, where possible, by reference to the 15 conformance requirements of the referenced base standards. 6.6.2 Requirements All systems claiming conformance to a National Profile shall support the required interface and functionality defined in the National Profile. The system may provide additional functions or facilities not required 20 by the National Profile. 6.7 POSIX Application Conformance for National Profiles All POSIX applications claiming conformance to the National Profile shall use only language-dependent services for one or more of the Language Options defined in the National Profile and the facilities 25 provided by the National Profile and referenced base standards, and shall fall within one of the following categories: S6.6 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6.7 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -12- 6.7.1 Conforming POSIX Application A Conforming POSIX Application requires only the parameters and options defined in POSIX National Profile for the said National Body. Such an application shall include a statement of 5 conformance that documents all options and limit dependencies, and all other standards used. 6.7.2 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions A Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions is an application that requires not only the parameters and options defined in 10 PSOXI National Profile but also other ISO/IEC standards and their National Profiles and several National Standards for the said National Body. Such an application shall fully document its requirements for these extended facilities, in addition to the documentation required of a Conforming POSIX Application. 15 (to be completed) S6.7.1 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S6.7.2 DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -13- 7. Contents of National Profile POSIX National Profile shall have the following structure. 1. General 1.1 Scope The scope of the National Profile shall be described. 5 Provision of this section is mandatory. 1.2 Normative Reference The standards which are referred by the National Profile shall be listed. Provision of this section is mandatory. 1.3 Objectives 10 The objectives of the National Profile shall be described. Provision of this section is mandatory. 1.4 Conformance 1.4.1 Levels of conformance If the National body enacts some levels of conformance, 15 the levels shall be specified. Provision of this section is mandatory. 1.4.2 System conformance The requirements to the National body conforming implementation shall be specified. Provision of this 20 section is mandatory. 1.4.3 Application conformance The requirements to the National body conforming application shall be specified. Provision of this section is mandatory. 25 2. Registry The names which must not conflict with other National Profile shall be listed. The names described here shall be registered to ISO, when official registration mechanism is established. Provision of this section is mandatory. 30 2.1 Locale names The name of locales which are specified in the National Profile. Provision of this section is mandatory. S6.7.2 SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S7. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -14- 2.2 Symbolic name of characters The list of extended character's symbolic names or the naming conventions for symbolic name of extended characters shall be specified. Provision of this section 5 is mandatory. 2.3 Name of coded character sets The name of coded character sets which are referred by the National Profile shall be listed. The names may be used for code conversion utilities/functions, also. 10 Provision of this section is mandatory. 2.4 Character classes If the National body specifies extra character class in LC_CTYPE category, the names and descriptions shall be specified. This section is optional. 15 2.5 Environment variables If the National body specifies environment variables which are not specified in POSIX standard, name of the environment variables and its descriptions shall be specified. This section is optional. 20 2.6 Others 3. Parameters 3.1 POSIX The range of POSIX related parameters which are allowed by the National Profile shall be specified. Provision 25 of this section is mandatory. 3.1.1 Charmap The contents of Charmaps shall be specified. Provision of this section is mandatory. 3.1.2 Locale definition 30 The contents of locale definitions shall be specified. Provision of this section is mandatory. 3.1.3 System parameter The range of values of following system parameter e.g. POSIX_NO_TRANC, NAME_MAX, and NAME_MAX shall be S7. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S7. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -15- specified. Provision of this section is mandatory. 3.2 C Language The range of C Language related parameters which are allowed by the National Profile shall be specified, e.g. 5 CHAR_BIT. Every National Profile shall provide this section. Provision of this section is mandatory. 4. Options Options which are required to be implemented shall be specified. 10 4.1 POSIX The required optional facilities which are related to POSIX standard shall be listed, e.g. charmap option of localedef utility. Provision of this section is mandatory. 15 4.2 C Language The required optional facilities which are related to C Language standard shall be listed, e.g. ISO 9899 addendum 3 ( Multibyte Support Extension ). Provision of this section is mandatory. 20 5. Error/exception handling If the National body specifies the error/exception handling of some functions, the methods shall be specified. This section is optional. 6. Extensions 25 6.1 POSIX Extension If the National body requires implementation of any enhanced facility, e.g. addition of environment variable, function, utility and option parameter of utility, the enhanced facilities shall be specified. 30 Provision of this section is mandatory. 6.2 Other Standards If the National body requires implementation of any standards other than POSIX standard to the National body conforming systems, the standards shall be listed. 35 Provision of this section is mandatory. S7. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S7. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change -16- 7. Data exchange If the National body specifies any formats and mechanism, or requires implementation of standards, the facilities shall be specified. This section is optional. 5 7.1 Archive file format Format of archive files. e.g. tar and cpio, shall be specified. 7.2 Identification of coded character set The mechanism to identify coded character sets in a file 10 shall be specified. 7.3 Protocols Communication protocols which the National body conforming implementation must be implemented shall be listed. 15 7.4 Profile for OSI The profile which the National body specified for OSI shall be referred. 7.4 Media If the National body has requirements on media which is 20 used for data exchange, the requirements shall be specified. Annex A Informative reference If the National body has any recommended parameters, options and extensions, though not required for the 25 profile conformance, these features should be listed in this section. This section is optional. Annex B Notes and Rationale (to be completed) S7. SC22/WG15 N212, Nov 5, 1991 (Preliminary Draft) S7. DRAFT 0.04 : 1991-10-28, subject to change =============================================================================== EOF